Sod and mda detection kits

The SOD and MDA levels of cells or tissues were detected using SOD and MDA detection kits (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). Firstly, the cell or tissue proteins were extracted and measured by BCA (KeyGEN, Nanjing, China) method. The corresponding working solution was added and left to react at 37°C for 30 minutes. Finally, a microplate reader was used to measure the absorbance of the corresponding wavelength and calculate the SOD and MDA levels according to the standard curve.

To measure intracellular ROS level, PC12 cells (2 × 10⁵ cells/well) were planted into 6-well plates and cultured for 24 h. Following treatment of SH or Aβ_1-42, PC12 cells were incubated with 10 nM fluorescent probe of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA, Sigma, USA) for 30 min at 37°C in the dark. The fluorescence signal was observed under a fluorescence microscope. In addition, the levels of SOD and MDA in both PC12 cells and brain tissues were measured by using the corresponding SOD and MDA detection kits (Beyotime) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

BUN, CRE, ALT, AST, CAT, GSH, T-AOC, NO, and MPO test kits were purchased from the Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering (Nanjing, China), and mouse IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α ELISA kits were purchased from Xinbosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China), and SOD and MDA detection kits were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). RNA Keeper Tissue Stabilizer, RNA Isolater Total RNA Extraction Reagent, HiScript III RT SuperMix for qPCR (+gDNA wiper), and ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix were obtained from Novezan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). CP was purchased from Sigma (Shanghai, China), and RA (HPLC ≥ 98%, batch number: 19080601) was purchased from Pfeide Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China), and DEX (HPLC ≥ 98%, batch number: 100129-201506) was purchased from the China Institute for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China).