In the present study, the nanohybrid composites, Grandio® (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany) and Filtek™ Supremé (3M/Espe, Seefeld, Germany), were applied. The composition of the materials is summarised in Fig. 2. Both composites were used in combination with an adhesive system of the respective manufacturer. Grandio® was applied with Solobond M (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany) and Filtek™ Supremé with Scotchbond I (3M/Espe, Seefeld, Germany). Total etching was performed for 30 s using Ultra-Etch (Ultradent, Köln, Germany). Afterwards, gentle drying was ensured and the cavities treated by the respective adhesive. Light was applied for 20 s. The cavities were filled by composite increments, each light-cured for 20 s.
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