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3 protocols using hygromycin b

1

Maintaining HIV-1 Reporter Cell Lines

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HeLa cells, HEK 293T cells, and the HIV-1 indicator cell lines (LC5-RIC and LC5-RIC-R5) were kept under standard conditions at 37°C in 5% CO2 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM containing GlutaMAX-1; Gibco, Darmstadt, Germany) or very-low-endotoxin(VLE)-RPMI 1640 medium (Biochrom AG, Berlin, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Biochrom AG) and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Gibco). In order to maintain stable reporter and CD4 receptor expression of LC5-RIC/LC5-RIC-R5 reporter cells, 0.74 mg ml−1 Geneticin (G418 sulfate; PAA Laboratories, Pasching, Austria) and 0.13 mg ml−1 hygromycin B (PAA Laboratories) were added to the cell culture medium at every second passage.
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2

Migration Assay with Cell Signaling Inhibitors

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All tissue culture, inhibitors and general reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poole, UK), except AA (MP Biomedicals, London, UK), which was emulsified at 10 mg ml−1 in methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Hygromycin B and foetal calf serum (FCS) were from PAA Laboratories (Yeovil, UK). Matrigel and 8 μm FluoroBlok cell-culture inserts were from BD Biosciences (Oxford, UK).
Antibodies were from Cell Signalling Technology (New England BioLabs (UK) Ltd, Hitchin, UK) except GAPDH, which was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Y-27632, Rac-1 inhibitor, GM6001, H1152 and blebbistatin were from Merck Biosciences (Nottingham, UK). All On-Target Plus Smartpool siRNAs were from Dharmacon, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Fermentas GmbH, St Leon, Germany). Protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail were purchased from Roche (Sussex, UK).
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3

Isolation of Metacyclic Leishmania

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Leishmania major LV39 parasites (MRHO/Sv/59/P strain), mKikume-expressing L. major SWICH (M€ uller et al., 2013), and L. major-mCherry (Ronet et al., 2019) were cultured in M199 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (PAA Laboratories), 4% HEPES (Amimed) and 2% antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, Invitrogen) at 26 C. Hygromycin B (PAA Laboratories) at a concentration of 50 mg/mL was added to the medium for the culture of L. major LV39 parasites (MRHO/Sv/59/P strain) expressing the mCherry red fluorescent protein. Metacyclic L. major parasites were isolated using a Ficoll (Sigma) density gradient. Parasites were re-suspended in M199 medium and layered on 10% and 20% Ficoll-medium suspension phases. After centrifugation at 1000 xg for 15 minutes, metacyclic L. major parasites were isolated in the 10% Ficoll phase. The parasites were washed and counted and adjusted to a suitable concentration.
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