Gpc system

Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Germany

The GPC system is an analytical instrument used for the separation and characterization of polymers based on their molecular size. It functions by passing a polymer solution through a column filled with porous beads, which allows larger molecules to elute faster than smaller ones. This process enables the determination of the molecular weight distribution and other important properties of the polymer sample.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Inova 500 spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions) Zetasizer nano zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions) Gpc max ve 2001, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions) Synergy 4 multi mode microplate reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Calibur flow cytometer, by BD (1 mentions) 400 spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions) Tga dsc 3 module, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions) Av 300 mhz spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions) Pre column, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Avance 400 fourier transform spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions) Gpcmax ve 2001 gpc solvent sample module, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Zetasizer nano zs90 system, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Mercury plus 300 spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Varian cary 300 bio, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Tensor 27 ftir, by Bruker (1 mentions) Omnisec 5, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Gpcmax, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Ve 3580, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)

12 protocols using gpc system

Gel Permeation Chromatography of Polymers

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

SEC was performed
by using a Viscotek gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system (Malvern,
Worcs, U.K.) equipped with a pump and degasser (GPCmax VE2001, 1.0
mL min^–1 flow rate), a detector module (Viscotek
302 TDA), and three columns (2× PLGel Mix-C and 1× ViscoGEL
GMHHRN 18055, dimensions 7.5 mm × 300 mm for each column) using
THF as eluent. Each sample was prepared dissolving the polymer at
a defined concentration of 1 mg mL^–1 in THF containing
0.3% of toluene.

Romio M., Grob B., Trachsel L., Mattarei A., Morgese G., Ramakrishna S.N., Niccolai F., Guazzelli E., Paradisi C., Martinelli E., Spencer N.D, & Benetti E.M. (2021). Dispersity within Brushes Plays a Major Role in Determining Their Interfacial Properties: The Case of Oligoxazoline-Based Graft Polymers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 143(45), 19067-19077.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Copolymer Molecular Weight Determination

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

A Viscotek GPC system from Malvern Ltd. (Malvern, UK) was used to measure the weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), and polydispersity index (PDI; Mw/Mn) of the linear copolymer p(NIPAM-co-IAM) and homopolymer pNIPAM. The test sample was prepared by weighing about 15 mg of test material and dissolving it in 10 mL of DMF under the following conditions: column 300 × 8 mm, flow rate of 1 mL/min, temperature of the column set to 60 °C, temperature of the detector set to 60 °C, and injection quantity of test sample and standard was 150 μL each.

Rwei S.P., Tuan H.N., Chiang W.Y, & Way T.F. (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of pH and Thermo Dual-Responsive Hydrogels with a Semi-IPN Structure Based on N-Isopropylacrylamide and Itaconamic Acid. Materials, 11(5), 696.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

All ¹H-NMR spectra were measured at 500 MHz in d-DMSO using a Varian INOVA-500 spectrometer maintained at 25°C with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal reference standard. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) data were acquired from a Viscotek GPC system equipped with a VE-3580 refractive index (RI) detector, a VE 1122 pump, and two mixed-bed organic columns (PAS-103M and PAS-105M). Dimethylformamide (DMF; HPLC) containing 0.01 M LiBr was used as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 55°C. The GPC instrument was calibrated through narrowly-dispersed linear polystyrene standards purchased from Varian. Average hydrodynamic diameters (D_h) and zeta potential of polyplexes were obtained using dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer nano-ZS90 (Malvern, Inc.) at 25°C. All experiments were conducted using a 4 mW 633 nm HeNe laser as the light source at a fixed measuring angle of 90° to the inc ident laser beam. The correlation decay functions were analyzed by cumulants method coupled with Mie theory to obtain volume distribution. Microplate experiments were analyzed using a Synergy 4 MultiMode Microplate Reader (BioTek Instruments, Inc.). FACS analysis was conducted using a Calibur flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ).

Jones C.H., Chen M., Ravikrishnan A., Reddinger R., Zhang G., Hakansson A.P, & Pfeifer B.A. (2014). Mannosylated poly(beta-amino esters) for targeted antigen presenting cell immune modulation. Biomaterials, 37, 333-344.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Pluronic F127 Molecular Mass Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The number-average molecular mass (Mn), weight-averaged molecular mass (Mw), and molecular mass distribution (Mw/Mn) of Pluronic F127 before and after nanoparticles synthesis were determined by GPC, using Viscotek GPC system equipped with G3000PWXL column and refractive index detector. All measurements were performed at 25 °C with a flow rate of 1 ml/min using distilled water containing 0.02% NaN₃ as an eluent. The calibration of column was performed using PEO standards (Mw 2–22 kDa, Viscotek, TX, USA).

Sokolsky-Papkov M, & Kabanov A. (2019). Synthesis of Well-Defined Gold Nanoparticles Using Pluronic: The Role of Radicals and Surfactants in Nanoparticles Formation. Polymers, 11(10), 1553.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

In vivo Scaffold Degradation Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

To evaluate in vivo scaffold degradation in the ITAs, MW measurements using GPC were performed in PolyAnalytik Inc (London, ON, Canada). The following procedure was followed for the sample preparation: the complete artery implanted scaffold was first rinsed with 20% ethanol solution (v/v) to wash residual blood from the sample. The artery implanted scaffold was cut into fine pieces using a sharp sterilized blade to expose the implanted scaffold. The resulting sample, which contained artery and scaffold, was then submerged in 2 mL of dissolution solvent chloroform and left to dissolve under gentle rocking for 24 h at room temperature. The sample was filtered into an autosampler vial through 0.22 µm PTFE syringe filter and prepared for MW analysis. In the measurement, the Viscotek GPC system (Malvern) was equipped with an oven that houses four detectors: refractive index (RI), ultraviolet (UV), right‐angle and low‐angle light scattering (RALS/LALS), and four‐capillary differential viscometer. The analytical method employs the mobile phase of 0.05M potassium trifluoroacetate in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol, and size exclusion columns packed with styrene‐divinylbenzene. Poly(methyl methacrylate) was used as calibration standards. The UV absorption of polymer was used to determine the concentration of PLA and calculate the scaffold mass.

Huang C., Lee S., Horng S., Guy L, & Yu T. (2017). In vitro and in vivo degradation of microfiber bioresorbable coronary scaffold. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials, 106(5), 1842-1850.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

NMR Characterization of Dry Polymers

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

¹H-NMR spectra were acquired using a Bruker 400 spectrometer at 25 °C. Dry polymer (≈30 mg) was dissolved in CDCl₃, DMSO-d₆, or D₂O (≈500 μL). The spectra were calibrated using the solvent signals (CHCl₃: 7.24 ppm, DMSO: 2.50 ppm, H₂O: 4.80 ppm). The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n) were measured by GPC using Viscotek GPC system (Viscotek, Houston, TX, USA) against a narrow molecular weight distribution of polymethylmethacrylate in DMF at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹ at 45 °C with refraction index, laser light, and viscosity detectors.

Lopukhov A.V., Yang Z., Haney M.J., Bronich T.K., Sokolsky-Papkov M., Batrakova E.V., Klyachko N.L, & Kabanov A.V. (2021). Mannosylated Cationic Copolymers for Gene Delivery to Macrophages. Macromolecular bioscience, 21(4), e2000371.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Characterization of Polymer Hybrids

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

All ¹H NMR spectra were measured at 500 MHz in CDCl₃ using a Varian INOVA-500 spectrometer maintained at 25 °C with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal reference standard. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) data were acquired from a Viscotek GPC system equipped with a VE-3580 refractive index (RI) detector, a VE 1122 pump, and two mixed-bed organic columns (PAS-103 M and PAS-105M). Dimethylformamide (DMF; HPLC) containing 0.01 M LiBr was used as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 55 °C. The GPC instrument was calibrated using narrowly dispersed linear polystyrene standards purchased from Varian. Zeta potential of hybrid vectors was obtained using dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer nano-ZS90 (Malvern, Inc.) in water at 25 °C. All experiments were conducted using a 4 mW 633 nm HeNe laser as the light source at a fixed measuring angle of 90° to the incident laser beam. The correlation decay functions were analyzed by cumulants method coupled with Mie theory to obtain volume distribution.

Jones C.H., Chen C.K., Chen M., Ravikrishnan A., Zhang H., Gollakota A., Chung T., Cheng C, & Pfeifer B.A. (2015). PEGylated Cationic Polylactides for Hybrid Biosynthetic Gene Delivery. Molecular pharmaceutics, 12(3), 846-856.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Spectroscopic and Thermal Analysis of Polymers

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV300 MHz spectrometer (Billerica, MA, USA) using CDCl₃ as the solvent. The multiplicity of peaks is indicated as (bs) for broad signals, (s) singlet, (d) doublet, (t) triplet and (m) multiplet. The monomer conversion χ was evaluated by withdrawing aliquots of the reaction mixtures during the reaction to be analyzed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy according to the literature [21 (link),24 (link)].
The molar masses were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a Viscotek GPC system using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as eluent. The GPC module comprised a pump and degasser system (GPCmax VE2001, Malvern, Worcs, UK; 1.0 mL min⁻¹ flow rate), a Viscotek 302 TDA unit as detector (Malvern, Worcs, UK) and two columns for the analysis of different molar masses (2× PLGel Mix-B; dimensions 7.5 mm × 300 mm (all supplied by Malvern, Worcs, UK). The thermal characterization was performed with a TGA/DSC 3+ module (Mettler Toledo, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland). The thermal transitions were investigated from 25 °C to 360 °C under nitrogen flush (50 mL min⁻¹), increasing the temperature with a rate of 10 °C min⁻¹. The onset of decomposition was evaluated in a temperature range of 25 °C to 900 °C under air flush (50 mL min⁻¹) with a temperature increasing rate of 10 °C min⁻¹.

D’Elia M.F., Yu Y., Renggli M., Ehweiner M.A., Vidovic C., Mösch-Zanetti N.C., Niederberger M, & Caseri W. (2024). Synthesis of Soluble High Molar Mass Poly(Phenylene Methylene)-Based Polymers. Polymers, 16(7), 967.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Characterization of Polymeric Samples

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

1 H NMR spectra were recorded at 25 C in D 2 O (grade of deuteration ≥99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich) at 400 MHz using a Bruker Avance 400 Fourier transform spectrometer. The signal of non-deuterated H 2 O at 4.79 ppm was used as reference. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis was performed using a Viscotek GPC system, including a Viscotek GPCmax VE2001 GPC solvent/sample module (100 μl loop), a solvent degasser, a Viscotek VE3580 refractive index concentration detector, a Waters precolumn, a Waters ultrahydrogel linear 7.8 × 30 mm column, and a Waters ultrahydrogel 250 7.8 × 30 mm column with 10 μm particle size. The eluent was Phosphate-buffered saline (NaH 2 PO 4 0.05 M, NaCl 0.1 M, NaN 3 0.05%) at a temperature of 30 C and a flow rate of 0.5 ml min -1 . Polyethylene glycol standards (American Polymer Standards Corporation) were used for standard calibration to determine the number average of the molecular weight ( Mn) and the polydispersity (Đ M ).

Zerobin E., Marković M., Tomášikova Z., Qin X., Ret D., Steinbauer P., Kitzmüller J., Steiger W., Gruber P., Ovsianikov A., Liska R., & Baudis S. (2020). Hyaluronic acid vinyl esters: A toolbox toward controlling mechanical properties of hydrogels for 3D microfabrication. Journal of Polymer Science, 58(9), 1288-1298.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Characterization of Unimolecular Micelles

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The ¹H NMR spectra were measured by a Varian Mercury Plus 300 spectrometer using DMSO-d₆ or CDCl₃-d as a solvent at 25 °C. The IR spectra of all polymer samples were measured using Bruker Tensor 27 FT-IR. The number average molecular weight (M_n) and polydispersity index (PDI) of the polymers were determined by a Viscotek GPC system (Malvern Instruments, Westborough, MA, USA) equipped with triple detectors (i.e., refractive index, viscometer, and a light scattering detectors) using DMF as an eluent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. PMMA with a narrow polydispersity was used as the calibration standard. The size distribution of the unimolecular micelles (0.05 mg/mL) were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Malvern ZetaSizer Nano ZS90 system (Malvern Instruments, USA). The morphology of the dried unimolecular micelles were determined using a FEI Tecnai G2 F30 TWIN transmission electron microscope (TEM; 300 kV, E.A. Fischione Instruments, Inc. USA). TEM samples were prepared by depositing a drop of micelle solution (0.05 mg/mL) containing 1 wt % of phosphotungstic acid onto a 200 mesh copper grid coated with carbon and dried at room temperature. The DOX loading level was measured by a UV–visible spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 300 Bio, Agilent Technologies) based on DOX’s absorbance at 485 nm.

Guo J., Hong H., Chen G., Shi S., Nayak T.R., Theuer C.P., Barnhart T.E., Cai W, & Gong S. (2014). Theranostic Unimolecular Micelles Based on Brush-Shaped Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(24), 21769-21779.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!