Sodium taurolithocholate

Vancomycin hydrochloride, polymyxin B sulfate, lithocholic acid, sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurocholate, and lysyl endopeptidase were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit was from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). Taq DNA polymerase containing 10 × Standard buffer (Taq) and dNTPs were obtained from BioAcademia (Osaka, Japan) and synthesised PCR primers were obtained from FASMAC (Kanagawa, Japan). Sodium taurolithocholate and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium salt was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Tauro β-muricholic acid sodium salt was purchased from Steraloids (Newport, RI, USA). Taurocholic acid-d5 (TCA-d5) sodium salt was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Triglyceride Quantification Assay kit was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Plasma Membrane Protein Extraction Kit was obtained from BioVision (Milpitas, CA, USA). Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Sequencing-grade modified trypsin (frozen) was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Synthesised isotope-labelled peptides were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Other reagents were commercially available products of reagent or analytical grade.