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4 protocols using molecular image chemidoc xrs system

1

Magnesium Alloy Extract Protein Analysis

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The cells in the high-speed growth phase were treated with a 4-fold dilution of the Mg alloy extract and medium for 24 h, washed with PBS three times and added RIPA cell lysate containing 1% protease inhibitor and 1% phosphatase inhibitor. A cell scraper was used to hang the adherent cells. The lysate was collected, vortexed and placed on ice for 30 min to be fully lysed. After 12 000 g refrigerated centrifugation for 10 min, the supernatant was transferred to a clean EP tube. The Micro BCA™ Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, USA) was used to measure the protein concentration of the samples, and then a 5× loading buffer was added. The samples were heated at 100°C for 15 min to denature the proteins. The proteins were separated by using 10% SDS-PAGE, and the same amount of total protein (20 μg) was added to the loading well. After the electrophoresis, the proteins were transferred to the PVDF membrane, which was blocked with 5% skim milk for 2 h, incubated with the primary antibody (Table 2) at 4°C overnight, then washed 3 times for 5 min with TBST buffer. The secondary antibody was used to incubate for 2 h at room temperature. After washing with TBST three times, the targeted proteins were visualized with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL, Beyotime Biotechnology Co., China) in the Molecular Image ChemiDoc XRS+ system (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., USA).
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2

Protein Detection by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot

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Crude extracts were mixed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) loading buffer, boiled for 5 min, and analyzed by 10% SDS-PAGE. Resolved proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, detected by enhanced chemiluminescence according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK), and analyzed using a Molecular Image ChemiDoc XRS system (Bio-Rad; Hercules, CA) (23 (link)). Densitometry was performed using Image J software (NIH; Bethesda, MD). β-Actin was used to confirm equal protein loading for all samples.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

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sEVs were lysed in lysis buffer (0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate [SDS], 1% Triton X-100 with complete protease inhibitor cocktail [Sigma] in PBS) and concentrations were determined using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay (Pierce). Equal sample amounts were subjected to 12% SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA). PVDF membranes were blocked in 5% low-fat dry milk powder (Campina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands) in tris buffered saline (TBS) with 0.1% Tween-20 (blocking buffer). PVDF membranes were incubated with primary antibodies in blocking buffer, washed in TBS with 0.1% Tween-20, followed by incubation with horse radish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies in blocking buffer. Proteins were detected with Chemiluminescent Peroxidase Substrate (Sigma) and imaged on the Molecular Image ChemiDoc XRS system (Biorad, Hercules, CA). The primary antibodies used were mouse-anti-β-actin (A5441, 1:15 000, Sigma) and rabbit-anti-Flotillin-1 (sc-25506, 1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnologies [Santa Cruz, CA]). Secondary antibodies were HRP-conjugated Swine anti-Rabbit (P0399, 1:2000, Dako) and Rabbit anti-Mouse (P0260, 1:2000, Dako).
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4

Collagen Contraction Assay for Dermal Fibroblasts

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Adult human dermal fibroblasts cells were cultured for 48 hrs in serum‐free medium (DMEM containing 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin), and collected by incubation with TrypLE Express (ThermoFisher) for 5 min. at 37°C. Cells were subsequently pooled using serum‐free medium and pelleted by centrifugation for 8 min. at 400 × g. After resuspension in serum‐free medium, cells were added to a mixture of Rat Tail Collagen I (ThermoFisher), 2× modified eagle medium (MEM) (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), sterilized Milli‐Q water and 1N NaOH, with a final concentration of 1 mg/ml Collagen I, 1× MEM, 0.2 million cells/ml, and physiological pH. After addition of 20 μg/ml exosomes in PBS, 2 μg/ml rhLOXL2, 500 μM BAPN, or a similar volume of PBS for control conditions, 0.5 ml gel matrices were made in 24‐well plate wells. Gels were allowed to set for 30 min. at 37°C, and were then transferred to 12‐well plate wells containing 1 ml 1× MEM. Collagen gels were incubated for 48 hrs at 37°C, 5% CO2, and pictures were taken every 12 hrs using the Molecular Image ChemiDoc XRS system (Bio‐Rad). Gel surfaces were determined with ImageJ software using the polygon selection tool, followed by an area measurement. Collagen contraction was calculated using the following equation: Collagen contraction=1Collagen gel size att=36hrsCollagen gel size att=0hrs
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