Bardoxolone methyl

Bardoxolone methyl was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (SMB00376) or MedChemExpress (HY-13324). Stock concentrations of 100 and 400 µM were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and then diluted 1:1000 into the cell culture medium. Sulforaphane was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (S4441). Stock concentrations of 2 and 5 mM were prepared in DMSO, and then diluted 1:1000 into the cell culture medium. For the assays combining treatment with HSV-1 infection, half of the medium was removed, virus inoculum at an MOI of 1 was added to the remaining medium, and half an hour later the cells were washed with warm PBS, the conditioned medium added back to the cells with Bardoxolone methyl or Sulforaphane supplied at the indicated concentrations.

Analytical grade 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxo-oleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me; Bardoxolone methyl) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (#SMB00376; Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany). The compound has a molecular weight of 505.7 g/moL and chemical structure of the Bardoxolone methyl ester, as shown in the PubChem Database (Pub Med CID: 400769; see Supplementary Figure S1). CDDO-Me was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; #D8418; Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. The stock solution was aliquoted in a volume of 100 µL/tube and stored at −20 °C.