Nanoclay

Pectin, sericin, nanoclay, and glycerol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich^®, United States, while nutrient agar was acquired from CM 003, Oxoid, England, through the local distributors. All chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade.

Human cardiac troponin T (cTnT) antigen and mouse monoclonal anti-cTnT antibody were purchased from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (COOH-Py) (99%), nanoclay (montmorillonite clay base material) surface modified with 0.5–5 wt.% aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 15–35 wt.% octadecylamine (NH₂-NCY), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), potassium ferrocyanide (K₄[Fe(CN)₆]), acetonitrile (anhydrous, 99.8%), glutaraldehyde (GA) (50%, w/w), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), and glycine (Gly) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) and chloroform were purchased from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution (0.01 mol L⁻¹, pH 7.4) was used in all experiments for dilution of the samples. Ultrapure water was obtained from a Millipore water purification system (18 MΩ cm⁻¹, Milli-Q) from Millipore (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). All the chemical reagents used to prepare buffers and solutions were of analytical grade.

All chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade and purchased from different distributors: pectin and sericin (Sigma Aldrich^®, St Louis, MO, USA), nanoclay (Sigma Aldrich^®, USA), nutrient agar (CM 003, Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK), nutrient broth (HiMedia, San Diego, CA, USA), MH nutrient (HiMedia, San Diego, CA, USA), glycerol (Sigma Aldrich^®), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), methanol/ethanol (Sigma Aldrich^®). Moringa olifera extract was prepared in the Pharmacognosy lab. Xylazine^®, ketamine^®, and amikacin^® were purchased through commercial sources.

Chemicals that were pure and distilled were purchased from multiple vendors. Chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, KCl, acetic acid, NaOH, glycerol, and nanoclay were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. KH₂PO₄ and sodium acetate were obtained from Daejung (South Korea) and Merck (Germany), respectively, while tramadol was obtained from Global Pharmaceuticals (Islamabad, Pakistan). The Comsats University Abbottabad Campus supplied distilled water.

sodium alginate, gelatin, calcium chloride and rifampicin were the reagents used. Rifampicin was obtained from Banson Pharmaceuticals as a gift sample. All the ingredients such as sodium alginate (CAS number—9005-38-3); xanthan gum (CAS number—11138-66-2); gelatin (CAS number—9000-70-8); nanoclay (CAS number—1332–58-7) and calcium chloride (CAS number—10035-04-8) were acquired from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. In the present research analysis, all analytical grade solvents, reagents and chemicals were employed.

Naturally woven cottonized jute mats were acquired from local shops in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu region, India. as produced by Usha Corporation Limited (UCL). These mats are normally obtained in low areal weight for possible coupling with cotton in textiles, therefore in comparable thicknesses. MMTK10 (Montmorillonite) nanoclay (surface area 220–270 m²/g) was supplied by Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Egg Shell Powder (ESP) was mashed in dimensions in the order of 30 microns, along the lines of what performed in [24 (link)]. The prepared composite contains the jute fabric mat with three slightly different areal weights (44, 45 and 46 g/m²). Unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was used as the catalyst and cobalt naphthenate as the accelerator; all those chemicals were supplied by Aishwarya Polymers, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu State, India. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was purchased from Ponnmani chemicals, Madurai, Tamilnadu State, India.