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Bafilomycin a1

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Bafilomycin A1 is a macrolide antibiotic that functions as a selective and potent inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPases). It is commonly used as a research tool in cell and molecular biology studies.

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4 protocols using bafilomycin a1

1

Investigating Exocytosis Mechanisms

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The role of exocytosis (e.g., vesicular exocytosis) mechanisms was studied by administering monensin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), which interferes with vesicle formation from the Golgi formation 4 (link), 39 (link), bafilomycin A1 (VWR International, Brisbane CA), an inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPases that produce proton gradients in endoplasmic reticulum thereby reducing the driving force for uptake of ATP into the vesicle 20 and brefeldin A (Sigma Chemical Co) which blocks the activation of a subset of ADP-ribosylation factors and thereby inhibiting vesicle trafficking 38 (link).
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2

Autophagy Regulation in Cortical Neurons

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Cortical neurons were cultured onto 6-well dishes at a density of 80,000 per well and maintained in neuronal maintenance media as described. At DIV-8, cells were treated with 100 nM bafilomycin A1 (VWR, 196,000), in conditioned maintenance media, or additionally with 250 nM rapamycin (Cayman Biotech, 53,123–88-9) for durations as indicated. EBSS conditions were first washed once with EBSS (to remove excess serum form maintenance media) followed by addition of EBSS + bafilomycin A1. After treatment, cells were washed once in EBSS and collected directly by addition of sample buffer. Samples were sonicated, boiled and subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blotting as described.
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3

Autophagy Inhibition by Bafilomycin A1

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Bafilomycin A1 (100nM; cat# 200003–360, CAS# 88899-55-2, VWR) was used to block autophagy in experimental cells, four hours prior to lysis. This was then followed by comparison of LC3-II levels normalized to β-Actin between Bafilomycin A1 treated and untreated cells obtained from western blot imaging as previously described (Klionsky et al., 2012 (link)).
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4

Modulation of Lipid Metabolism Pathways

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TAG formation was inhibited using the DGAT1 inhibitor T863 (MedChemExpress, #HY-32219) and the DGAT2 inhibitor PF 06424439 (Bio-Techne, #6348/5). Import of fatty acids into mitochondria was blocked by CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir (Calbiochem, #236020). Desaturation of fatty acids was inhibited by the SCD1 inhibitor CAY10566 (MedChemExpress, #HY-15823-1mg). Lipolysis was inhibited by treating the cells with the ATGL inhibitor atglistatin (Sigma-Aldrich, #SML1075). The ER stress response branches were inhibited individually using the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 (MedChemExpress, #HY-18072), the IRE1a inhibitor GSK2850163 (Sigma-Aldrich, #1684), and the ATF6 inhibitor Ceapin-A7 (Sigma-Aldrich, #SML2330). ER stress was chemically induced with tunicamycin (Sigma-Aldrich, #5045700001) and thapsigargin (Sigma-Aldrich, #586005). Autophagosome-lysosome fusion was blocked using the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (VWR, #J61835.MX). The concentration of each treatment is indicated in the figure legends.
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