Jsm 6510lv microscope

For electron microscopy, live blood flukes were fixed using 3% glutaraldehyde in a 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) for 7 days at 5 °C, rinsed three times for 10 min periods in the same buffer and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 h. For SEM observations, fixed specimens were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, with a final change to absolute acetone and then critical-point dried with liquid CO₂. Later, the specimens were mounted on stubs, sputter-coated with gold-palladium and examined under a JEOL-JSM-6510LV microscope operating at 30 kV. For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fixed specimens were later embedded in a mixture of Araldite and Epon using an Araldite/Embed-812 EM Embedding kit (EMS). Ultrathin sections were then stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a JEM 1011 microscope operating at 80 kV.

All SEM experiments were performed using a JSM-6510LV microscope (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan). After analysis in buffer, membranes were washed with water, dried, and coated with gold using an IB-3 coater (EIKO, Tokyo, Japan). Digital images were analyzed using the Image Tool program (UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA).

The size and shape of the biosynthesized NPs were obtained using JEOL JEM-1010 transmission electron microscope (TEM, Japan). The samples were drop coated on carbon grid for TEM analysis and voltage was retained at 100 kV. The functional group pattern was assessed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All samples were examined within a range of 450–4000 cm^-1. The morphological characterization of CchiBs and MchiBs were carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JSM-6510LV microscope, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan), which operated at 10 keV. The elemental analysis of Fe₃O₄-NPs was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray detector, which attached to JEOL JSM-6510LV SEM at 10 keV. Finally, the crystalline structure of the magnetic nanomaterial was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X’PERT PRO, (MiniFlex 300/600 X-ray, USA) which operated at 28 °C and 40 kV with a radiation source of Cu-Ka. The samples of Fe₃O₄-NPs, CchiBs and MchiBs were scanned in the range of 2θ from 10 to 90° at 10.00° min scanning rate.