E cam

Manufactured by Siemens

Sourced in Germany, United States

The Siemens E.CAM is a laboratory equipment used for nuclear medicine imaging. It is a versatile gamma camera system designed for a wide range of clinical applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ge discovery 670, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Symbia t, by Siemens (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

E. camTM Signature Series Fixed 180 E.cam SPECT camera E-CAM dual head E.cam Gamma Camera E.cam signature series Signature E.CAM Dual camera E.CAM 180 E. CAM Signature

8 protocols using e cam

Multicenter Bone Scintigraphy Protocol

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The study population consists of 1334 patients who underwent bone scintigraphy between 2012–2021 in four Finnish nuclear medicine units. The data were collected using standard clinical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanners: Philips/ADAC Forte (Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; N = 100), Philips Brightview (N = 200), Siemens e.cam (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; N = 547), Siemens Symbia (N = 372), GE Infinia Hawkeye (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA; N = 96), and GE Discovery 670 (N = 19). Low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimators were used in all scanners.
Of all participants, 1319 were scanned using a whole-body bone scintigraphy protocol, and 15 patients with thoracic planar scintigraphy included in the clinical cardiac amyloidosis imaging protocol. The emphasis of patient selection was in the inclusion of patients with positive cardiac uptake as their prevalence is low in overall population. All studies were performed using [99mTc]Tc-HMDP imaged at three-hours post-injection. The administered activity was 500–700 MBq. Both visual and CNN analysis of bone scintigraphy data were done for research purposes only. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Helsinki University Hospital and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

Halme H.L., Ihalainen T., Suomalainen O., Loimaala A., Mätzke S., Uusitalo V., Sipilä O, & Hippeläinen E. (2022). Convolutional neural networks for detection of transthyretin amyloidosis in 2D scintigraphy images. EJNMMI Research, 12, 27.

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Scintigraphic Imaging of Flap Viability

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One week after the flap surgery, the rats underwent scintigraphic imaging at a
gamma camera with a pinhole collimator (Siemens e.Cam, Siemens Medical
Solutions, USA) in prone position after the injection with 1 milicurie of
technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc99m-PO4) in 0.1 mL of isotonic saline via the
tail vein. Dynamic images were obtained simultaneously and blood pool images
were acquired 5 minutes after injection in a 256 × 256 pixel matrix and the rats
were then sacrificed and the flap tissue was removed. The flap tissue only image
was acquired for 5 minutes to prevent the background activity scattering from
the organs of the rat. The distal border of the flap tissue was marked with a
Tc99m-PO4-soaked cotton marker. The interpretation of the scintigraphic analysis
was assessed with two-experienced nuclear medicine physicians blinded to the rat
groups. The scintigraphic images of the viable parts of the flaps were drawn
manually, and a rectangular region of interest (ROI) was drawn encompassing the
whole flap.

Kotanoğlu M.S., Akbulut A., Gürsoy K., Koca G., Özcan N., Yumuşak N., Şenes M., Kırtıl G, & Korkmaz M. (2020). The outcomes of dexmedetomidine and calcitriol on flap viability. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 35(9), e202000903.

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Gastric Emptying Assessment Protocol

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Using a double-headed camera system (Siemens e.cam; Siemens Healthineers Inc., Hoffman Estates, USA), anterior and posterior images of the patient in the supine position were obtained 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after meal ingestion. Regions of interest were identified as previously described.15 (link) Delayed gastric emptying was defined as greater than 10% residual activity after 4 hours as recommended by Abell et al.22 (link)

Bekkelund M., Sangnes D.A., Søfteland E., Aabakken L., Biermann M., Steinsvik E.K., Hausken T., Dimcevski G, & Hatlebakk J.G. (2021). Gastroparesis Symptoms Associated with Intestinal Hypomotility: An Explorative Study Using Wireless Motility Capsule. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, 14, 133-144.

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Dynamic Cerebral Blood Flow Imaging Protocol

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The dynamic planar protocol (Fig. 1) was used as previously reported [14 (link)]. Dynamic frontal planar scans (2 s/frame, 60 frames, 3.9 mm/pixel) were acquired using a γ-camera (Siemens E.CAM, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with a low-energy high-resolution collimator from intravenous administration of a 167 MBq ¹²³I-IMP. The rest and stress data were acquired using the same γ-camera. Arterial blood samples were measured for γ-ray radiation counts using a well-type scintillation measurement device (NDW-351F; Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd.). The arterial blood samples were taken 10 min after the ¹²³I-IMP administration, and the input function values were obtained from the average of four measurements of radioactivity concentration per 1.0 g. To obtain stress data, 15 mg/kg of ACZ was injected intravenously 10 min before the administration of ¹²³I-IMP, and blood samples were collected under the same conditions as rest data. The image reconstruction method is filtered back projection, the reconstruction filter is ramp, and the preprocessing filter is Butterworth (cutoff 0.35 cycle/cm; order 8). Chang’s method was adopted for attenuation correction, and the attenuation coefficient was set to 0.07/cm. Scattering correction was not performed.Fig. 1

Protocol details (rest and stress)

Miyazaki Y., Kameyama M., Nakamizo A., Noguchi T, & Tabata N. (2022). Validity of the γ-Ray Evaluation with iodoamphetamine for Cerebral Blood Flow Assessment (REICA) method for quantification of cerebral blood flow including acetazolamide challenge test. Annals of Nuclear Medicine, 36(3), 279-284.

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Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Monitoring Protocol

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For each PRRT cycle, laboratory analysis was performed 1 day prior to treatment, during the following inpatient stay and re-evaluated 2 and 6 weeks after each therapy. During follow-up laboratory parameters were re-evaluated every three months. Hematological parameters were determined with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) V5.0. Hematological and clinical parameters including WBC, erythrocytes, Hb, platelet count, cumulative absorbed kidney dose, Ki67, and post-therapeutical weight loss were determined and noted before and after each therapy cycle and during follow-up. Renal function was examined on the basis of glomerular filtration rate in plasma creatinine and the tubular extraction rate (TER) determined by ^99mTc MAG3 renal scintigraphy prior to each therapy cycle and during follow-up. Renal scintigraphy with ^99mTc-labelled MAG3 was performed on a doubled headed gamma camera (Siemens E.Cam; Siemens; Erlangen, Germany) equipped with a low-energy, high-resolution collimator according to previously described protocols [22 (link)]. The annual TER decrease (ml/min/1.73 m²) was normed to the lower limit as recently described by Werner et al. [23 (link)]. The annual decrease of the TER was determined by linear regression.

Rudisile S., Gosewisch A., Wenter V., Unterrainer M., Böning G., Gildehaus F.J., Fendler W.P., Auernhammer C.J., Spitzweg C., Bartenstein P., Todica A, & Ilhan H. (2019). Salvage PRRT with 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate in extensively pretreated patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET): dosimetry, toxicity, efficacy, and survival. BMC Cancer, 19, 788.

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Renal Function Assessment in Outpatients

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Totally 800 participants, 516 young (age<60 ys) and 284 old subjects (age≥60 ys), who were outpatients or inpatients of our hospital from December 2009 to March 2013 were included. The basic therapies of these participants were anti-hypertensive drugs, oral hypoglycemic drugs, corticosteroid etc. Reference glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) was measured by the 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging on a single photon emission computed tomography (Siemens E.CAM, Siemens Co., Ltd, Germany) [7] (link), and Scys-C concentration was assayed by the partical-enhanced immunoturbidimetry method (Beijing Leadman Biomedical Co., Ltd, China) with a reference range of 0.60–1.55 mg/L. Meanwhile, Scr levels were analyzed using enzymatic method on Shanghai kehua Dongling Diagnostic Products with a reference range of 44–136 µmol/L. Both two markers were examined by an Olympus AU5400 autoanalyzer (Olympus Co., Ltd, Japan). All participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study and Nanjing Medical University Ethics committee approved this study.

Wei L., Ye X., Pei X., Wu J, & Zhao W. (2014). Reference Intervals for Serum Cystatin C and Factors Influencing Cystatin C Levels Other than Renal Function in the Elderly. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e86066.

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Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with CZT Camera

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The recorded light pulses are amplified with photoelectron multipliers (PMT) that deliver electrical pulses proportional to photon energy. In this way, the activity of the radiotracer in the examined organ is visualized as a projection onto a plane. The gamma camera, which rotates around the patient and depicts isotope activity in multiple angle projections, enables the three-dimensional reconstruction of isotope activity and distribution in the body. Two conventional cameras were used in this study (Siemens E.CAM and Symbia T, Siemens Medical Solutions). A D-SPECT system (Spectrum Dynamics, Israel) was used for CZT-MPI.^{17 (link)} This system uses pixilated CZT crystal detector columns mounted in nine vertical columns that are arranged in a 90 ° geometry. No attenuation correction (AC) was applied in this study, since the D-SPECT camera used at the time of the study did not support it.

Mansour N., Nekolla S.G., Reyes E., Angelidis G., Georgoulias P., Anagnostopoulos C., Bravo P., Bruno I., Flotats A., Fuentes-Ocampo F., Sciagrà R., Keng F., Kessler L., Papathanasiou M., Soman P, & Rischpler C. (2022). Multi-center study of inter-rater reproducibility, image quality, and diagnostic accuracy of CZT versus conventional SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 30(2), 528-539.

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Glomerular Filtration Rate Measurement

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^99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid was given in the antecubital vein. The total injected dose was determined by subtracting the post-count from the pre-count. The individual R-GFR was automatically calculated using the Gates method according to patient’s weight, height, and the kidney contour (Siemens E.CAM, Siemens) (Gates, 1982 (link), 1983 (link)). The relative split R-GFR of a kidney, expressed as a percentage of total renal function, was calculated by dividing unilateral R-GFR with total R-GFR.

Wang T., Xu Y., Liu W., Shao P., Lv Q., Yang G, & Tang L. (2019). Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Multiphasic Computed Tomography in Patients With Unilateral Renal Tumors: A Feasibility Study. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1209.

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