Rifampin, diphenhydramide hydrochloride (98%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ammonium acetate, acetonitrile Chromasolv (ACN), formic acid, dexamethasone, diclofenac, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and methanol Chromasolv were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bosentan was purchased from Actelion Pharmaceuticals (Allschwil, Switzerland). Cryopreserved human hepatocytes, HEK293 cells overexpressing OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 transporter, HEK293 mock cells, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Gentest High Viability CryoHepatocyte Recovery kit, hepatocyte culture medium, ITS+ culture supplement, Dulbecco’s Modification Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) non-essential amino acid solution, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). Penicillin/streptomycin, William’s E medium (without phenol red), fetal bovine serum (FBS), l -glutamine, gentamycin sulfate, SYBR Green ER qPCR Supermix, and Superscript First-strand Synthesis kit were purchased from Life Technologies (Burlington, ON, Canada). Sodium butyrate solution and testosterone were purchased from EMD-Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany) and Acros (Geel, Belgium), respectively. Easy Spin Total RNA extraction kit was purchased from iNtRON (Seongnam, Korea).
Methanol chromasolv
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Methanol Chromasolv is a high-purity solvent used in analytical and chromatographic applications. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. The product is designed to meet the stringent requirements of various analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC).
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetonitrile chromasolv, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rifampin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hepatocyte culture medium, by Corning (1 mentions)
Gentamycin sulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Testosterone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sybr greener qpcr supermix, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hek293 mock cells, by Corning (1 mentions)
Its culture supplement, by Corning (1 mentions)
Epidermal growth factor (egf), by Corning (1 mentions)
Hek293 cells, by Corning (1 mentions)
Superscript first strand synthesis kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diclofenac, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
10 protocols using methanol chromasolv
1
In Vitro Transporter Assay Protocol
2
Amlodipine-Omeprazole Compatibility Assessment
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Amlodipine besilate and omeprazole were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Ltd., Oxford, UK. Amlodipine besilate (5 mg tablets) and omeprazole (20 mg gastro-resistant capsules) were obtained from Teva Ltd., Castleford, UK. Orablend® was obtained from Fagron, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Polyfuser B, the sodium bicarbonate solution (8.4%), was purchased from Fresenius Kabi, Chesire, UK. All other reagents for HPLC analysis, including potassium phosphate dibasic (≥99.0%) and methanol CHROMASOLV® (≥99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK.
3
Analysis of Tropane Alkaloids
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Methanol Chromasolv® was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), n-hexane and ethyl acetate from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Scopolamine hydrochloride (>99%) and atropine (USP testing specifications) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Scopolamine hydrochloride (>99%) and atropine (USP testing specifications) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
4
Phospholipid Vesicle-Based Permeation Assay
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Atenolol (ATN), caffeine (CAF), chloroform, ethanol (96%, v/v), hydrocortisone (HYD), methanol CHROMASOLV®, mucin from porcine stomach type III (MUC) (bound sialic acid 0.5–1.5%, partially purified), naproxen (NPR), potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (Na2HPO4·2H2O), sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4·12H2O), sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (NaH2PO4·H2O) were products of Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). E80 lipoid egg-phospholipids (80% phosphatidylcholine) were obtained from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). All chemicals employed were of analytical grade. For the preparation of the PVPA (Phospholipid Vesicle-based Permeation Assay) barriers, nucleopore track-etch membrane filters (0.4 and 0.8 μm pore size) were purchased from Whatman (part of GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) and the nitrocellulose membrane filters (0.65 μm DAWP) were obtained from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Transwell filter inserts and plates (d = 6.5 mm) were products of Corning Inc. (Corning, NY, USA).
5
Reagents for Cell Culture Experiments
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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient
Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) medium with glutamax, phenol-free DMEM/F12
medium withl -glutamine, low-glucose phenol-free DMEM medium,
and fetal bovine serum were obtained from Gibco (Eggenstein, Germany);
penicillin/streptomycin, G418, hygromycin, zeocin, ATP, coenzyme A,
formic acid, acetonitrile (HPLC grade), and methanol (Chromasolv)
were obtained from Sigma (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands); luciferin
was obtained from Promega (Fitchburg, WI); DTT (dithiothreitol) was
obtained from Duchefa (Haarlem, The Netherlands); and Aroclor 1254
induced rat liver S9 fraction was obtained from MP Biomedicals (Santa
Ana, CA). Water was purified on a Milli-Q Reference A+ purification
system (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Reference compounds used for validation
of the downscaled test methods and candidate compounds for confirmation
of hits were obtained from various suppliers (Table S1 in theSupporting Information ) and were dissolved in
DMSO (Acros, Geel, Belgium).
Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) medium with glutamax, phenol-free DMEM/F12
medium with
and fetal bovine serum were obtained from Gibco (Eggenstein, Germany);
penicillin/streptomycin, G418, hygromycin, zeocin, ATP, coenzyme A,
formic acid, acetonitrile (HPLC grade), and methanol (Chromasolv)
were obtained from Sigma (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands); luciferin
was obtained from Promega (Fitchburg, WI); DTT (dithiothreitol) was
obtained from Duchefa (Haarlem, The Netherlands); and Aroclor 1254
induced rat liver S9 fraction was obtained from MP Biomedicals (Santa
Ana, CA). Water was purified on a Milli-Q Reference A+ purification
system (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Reference compounds used for validation
of the downscaled test methods and candidate compounds for confirmation
of hits were obtained from various suppliers (Table S1 in the
DMSO (Acros, Geel, Belgium).
6
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Essential Oils
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BC discs soaked with EOs were placed in agar holes (prepared as described in Antimicrobial activity assessment section) with a HA disc inside. The entire experimental setting was covered with a plate lid and incubated for 24 h. Next, the HA discs were removed and washed in 1 ml methanol ChromaSolv (Sigma Aldrich, Poland) and dried under anhydrous sodium sulfate. 100 microliters of dry extracts were moved to glass inserts (250 µl) and injected directly on to a GC/MS system in splitless mode. The GC/MS method was described in the Essential oils section.
7
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation of Plant Extracts
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All enzymes, bile extract, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,4,6,-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), ferric chloride, aluminium chloride, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (2N), vanillin, gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, the analytical standards for UHPLC analysis (vanillic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, and naringenin, all with purity ≥ 97%), methanol Chromasolv®, and acetonitrile Chromasolv® were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Luteolin and apigenin standards were obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Heysham, Lancashire, UK). Other inorganic salts, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide were analytical grade (Lach-Ner, Neratovice, Czech Republic).
8
Hydrodistillation and Antioxidant Analysis
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Clevenger type apparatus for hydrodistillation (Ildam); UV-spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), microplate reader (BioTek Power Wave XS) and vortex (Heidolph reaxtop) for antioxidant assays; Gas Chromatography system (Agilent 6890 N GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Agilent 5975 GC-MSD) were used for essential oil analyzes. Chemicals and standards: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH • ) (Aldrich), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) ≥ 98% (HPLC) (Sigma), Ethanol absolute (Riedel), Gallic acid (Sigma), Methanol Chromasolv (HPLC grade) (Sigma Aldrich), Sodium persulphate (Sigma), Trolox % 97 (Aldrich).
9
Lipid-based drug delivery protocol
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Lipoid S 100 (phosphatidylcholine from soybean, >94% pure; PC) was a gift from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Calcein, rhodamine B, methanol CHROMASOLV ® , magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, trichloroacetic acid (≥99.0%), Fiske-Subbarow reducer reagent, ammonium molybdate, phosphorus standard solution, sodium deoxycholate (SDCh) and Triton™ X-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, hydrogen peroxide (30%) and calcium chloride were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Propylene glycol (PG) was purchased from NMD -Norwegian Medical Depot AS (Oslo, Norway), Albunorm ® (human serum albumin, 200 mg/mL) from Octapharma AG (Lachen, Switzerland) and sucrose from VWR International bvba/sprl (Leuven, Belgium). Sulfuric acid was purchased from May and Baker LTD (Dagenham, UK). Cellophane membrane was obtained from Max Bringmann KG (Wendelstein, Germany) and pig ears from Nortura AS (Bardufoss, Norway).
10
Soybean Phospholipid Formulation Synthesis
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Soybean phosphatidylcholine (Lipoid S100, SPC) was a generous gift from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). hEGF, methanol CHROMASOLV ® , acetic acid, sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium chloride, polysorbate 20, stearylamine and sodium deoxycholate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany).
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