Ciclopirox olamine cpx

Indicated chemicals were obtained from companies (in parentheses): brefeldin A (Sigma-Aldrich), golgicide A (Sigma-Aldrich), AG1478/tyrphostin (Sigma-Aldrich), Erastin (MedChem Express), ferrostatin-1 (Sigma-Aldrich), liproxstatin-1 (Sigma-Aldrich), NOX1/4 inhibitor (GKT137831, Cayman Chemical), Sulfasalazine (Sigma-Aldrich), Sorafenib (Sigma-Aldrich), RSL3 (MedChem Express), Glutathione (Sigma-Aldrich), N-acetyl-cysteine (Sigma-Aldrich), Ciclopirox olamine (CPX, Sigma-Aldrich), LOXi (PD-146176, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Trolox (Sigma-Aldrich), Prankulast (Biomol), tunicamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), Erastin (MedChemExpress), BSO (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), cisplatin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), doxorubicin (Sigma-Aldrich), 2-ME (Sigma-Aldrich), PPG (Sigma-Aldrich),
Nutlin-3 (Sigma-Aldrich), vildagliptin (Sigma-Aldrich), Q-VD-OPh hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), bafilomycin A (Sigma-Aldrich), nocodazole (Sigma-Aldrich), panobinostat (Sigma-Aldrich), doxorubicin (Sigma-Aldrich). AMF-26 was synthesized by Merck KGaA^{23 (link)}.

Ciclopirox Olamine (CPX) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in 100% ethanol and stored at −20 °C. Dp44mT (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide as 100 mM stocks, and stored at −80 °C. Antibodies used are listed in Table S1. Additional materials and methods are available in Online Supplemental “Materials and methods”.

Ciclopirox olamine (CPX) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in 100% ethanol to prepare stock solutions (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM), then aliquoted and stored at −20°C. RPMI 1640, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), DMEM/F-12 and 0.05% Trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Mediatech (Herndon, VA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Atlanta Biologicals (Lawrenceville, GA, USA). Enhanced chemiluminescence solution was obtained from PerkinElmer Life Science (Boston, MA, USA). The following primary antibodies were used, including those against Cdc25A, Chk1, p-Chk1 (S345), Chk2, p-Chk2 (T68), CK1α, GSK3β (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), DUB3 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), p-GSK3β (S9), p-Chk1 (S317), ATM, p-ATM (S1981), ATR, p-ATR (S428), p-H2AX (S139) (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), and β-tubulin (Sigma). Goat anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP were purchased from Pierce (Rockland, IL, USA). All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), unless stated elsewhere.