The following materials and reagents were used in this study: geniposidic acid, verbascoside, typhaneoside, isorhamnetin-3-o-neohesperidoside, β-ecdysterone and chlorogenic acid chemical composition standard (all purity >95%) were obtained from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ethambutol (Ethb) (Jinhua, Chengdu, China). Adenine (AD) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Allopurinol (Allo) (Shimao Tianjie, Yancheng, China). UA, SCr, BUN test kits (Dibao Medical Supplies, Guangzhou, China). Urate staining solution (Gomori), hematoxylin eosin (HE) (Solarbio, Beijing, China). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (R&D Systems, USA). The following primary antibodies were used for immunoblotting: anti-ABCG2 (Cat No. 4477s, 1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-NLRP3 (Cat No. ab263899, 1:1,000, Abcam, UK) and anti-GAPDH (Cat No. sc-365062, 1:1,500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA).
Adenine ad
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Adenine (AD) is a nucleobase that is a core component of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. It serves as a building block for the synthesis of these biomolecules.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Geniposidic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Typhaneoside, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Anti gapdh, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Isorhamnetin 3 o neohesperidoside, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Anti abcg2, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Hematoxylin eosin h e, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Anti nlrp3, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Allopurinol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lc3 2, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Phosphor mtor, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Phosphor ampk, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Ua assay kit, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Horseradish peroxidase hrp conjugated anti mouse and anti rabbit secondary antibodies, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions)
Caspase 1, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Il 1β, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Gapdh, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Tgf β, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Uric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Xanthine xa, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 protocols using adenine ad
1
Hyperuricemia Intervention Protocol
2
Mechanisms of Pterostilbene's Anti-Inflammatory Effects
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The uricase inhibitor PO, adenine (AD), and XOD inhibitor allopurinol (AP, urate lowering agent) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, United States). TGF-β was obtained from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, United States). The NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, UA assay kit and XOD fluorometric assay kit were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Michigan, United States). Pterostilbene (96% purity) was a gift from Sabinsa Corporation (East Winsor, NJ, United States). Primary antibodies against E-Cadherin, fibronectin, α-SMA, and Vimentin were purchased from Genetec Inc. (Montreal, QC, Canada). Antibodies against NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, AMPK, phosphor-AMPK, mTOR, phosphor-mTOR, p62, LC3-II, and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, United States). The horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA, United States).
3
Quantitative Analysis of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases
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Purine (uric acid-UA, hypoxanthine-HY, xanthine-XA, adenine-AD, guanine-GUA, and guanosine-GU) and pyrimidine bases (cytosine-CS, uracil-UR, cytidine-CD, and tymine-TM) were all of 99% purity (except GU 98%) and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. For the preparation of buffers and mobile phases 99.5-100.5% KH 2 PO 4 (Merck, Germany) and 98% K 2 HPO 4 (Kemika, Croatia), 99% acetic acid and sodium acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), HPLC grade methanol (MeOH, J.T. Baker, Holland), 27% NH 3 (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), 99% NaOH (Merck, Germany), 37% hydrochloric acid and 84% phosphoric acid (Riedel-De Häen, Germany) were used. Calibration of glass electrode (6.0234.100, pH 0-14, Metrohm, Switzerland) was performed with standard aqueous buffer solutions (Kemika, Croatia) and Milli-Q purified water (resistivity >18 MΩcm) was used for the preparation of working standards and solutions throughout the work.
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