Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) (surface0modified friable nano-graphite) were obtained from Perpetuus Carbon Technologies Ltd (Swansea, UK). GNPs were synthesized by employing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with various working gases [23 (link)]. Nafion perfluorinated resin solution (5 wt % in lower aliphatic alcohols and containing 15‒20% water) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, Dorset, UK). Standard caffeine powder (Reagent Plus grade) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NaCl (99.5%) and ethanol (absolute HPLC grade) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Aqueous solutions of NaCl at pH 2 were prepared by adjusting the as-prepared solutions of NaCl with aliquots of 0.5 M HCl solutions. All aqueous solutions were prepared from doubly distilled Milli-Q reagent water (Millipore Corp., Burlington, MA, USA) with a resistivity of 18 MΩ·cm at 25 °C.
Milli q reagent water
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Poland
Milli-Q reagent water is a high-purity water purification system designed to produce ultrapure water for laboratory applications. It utilizes a multi-stage filtration process to remove impurities and contaminants, resulting in water with low levels of organic, inorganic, and microbial contaminants.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Avantor (2 mentions)
Reagentplus grade, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nafion perfluorinated resin solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Unisart cn140, by Sartorius (1 mentions)
Control probe, by Sangon (1 mentions)
Pv820 pneumatic picopump, by World Precision Instruments (1 mentions)
Lithium chloride (licl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Sodium citrate monobasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Zearalanone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium acetate anhydrous, by Avantor (1 mentions)
6 protocols using milli q reagent water
1
Graphene Nanoplatelets for Electrochemical Applications
2
Lateral Flow Assay for HIV-1 Detection
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Ball pen (M&G, ball size 1 mm) was purchased from local store. Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·4H2O) and sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7·2H2O) were purchased from Shanghai Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China) and American AMRESCO, respectively. The nitrocellulose (NC) membranes (UniSart CN 140) were obtained from Sartorius Stedim Biotech. The conjugate pads, backing pads and absorbent pads used to prepare LFAs were purchased from Shanghai Jiening Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China). The reagents including detection probe, capture probe, control probe and target DNA used for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), were synthesized by Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (China). The detailed sequences were shown in Table 1 . All aqueous solutions used in this work were prepared from Milli-Q reagent water (Millipore Corp., resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C).
3
Electrochemical Characterization of Biomolecules
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Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris‐HCl) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Bovine hemoglobin (BHb) and cytochrome C (Cyt C) were obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (China). Phycocyanin (Phy) was purchased from TCI Co., Ltd. (China). DC power supply (EPS 300) was bought from Shanghai Tianneng Technology Co., Ltd (China). Aqueous solutions used in this work were supplied by Milli‐Q reagent water (Millipore Corp., resistivity >18.2 MΩ).
4
Dynamic Wettability of 2D Crystals
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The time-dependent water contact-angle measurements (Supplementary Fig. 5 ) were performed on the exfoliated 2D crystals, from freshly cleaved (<1 min) through to 4-day ageing. Borosilicate glass capillaries (1.5 mm outer diameter × 0.86 mm inner diameter, Intracel, UK) were pulled (P97 Sutter Puller, UK) to produce pipettes with an opening of <1 µm. These were filled with 6 M LiCl (Sigma Aldrich, UK) prepared using Milli-Q reagent water (Merck Millipore, UK) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C. LiCl was used to minimize the solvent evaporation, while measuring contact angles51 (link). The pipettes were brought into close proximity to the substrate using manual micropositioners with the aid of a charge-coupled device camera (Infinity, Lumenera) and the droplets, diameter of ca. 100 µm, were expelled using a micro-injector (PV820 Pneumatic PicoPump, World Precision Instruments, USA). Contact angles were calculated using a custom-written MATLABTM script as detailed in an earlier report51 (link).
5
Extraction and Analysis of PCBs
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The following reagents were used in the study: deionized water (Milli-Q Reagent Water, < 10 MΩ cm−1 resistivity, Merck, Millipore); acetonitrile for HPLC, n-hexane for GC (Sigma-Aldrich, Poznan, Poland); sulfuric acid; salts – anhydrous magnesium sulfate (99.5% purity), sodium chloride (99.9% purity) (Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice), sodium citrate monobasic (99.5% purity) (Sigma-Aldrich, Poznan, Poland); sorbents – primary and secondary amines – Bondesil PSA, 40 μm (Labstore, Warsaw, Poland), Bakerbond octadecyl (C18, 40 μm, 60 Å), and silica gel (40 μm, 60 Å) (S. Witko, Lodz, Poland). Acetonitrile was saturated with n-hexane (acetonitrile:n-hexane 1:1 (v/v) added to a separation funnel and shaken for 1 min); then, the solvents were allowed to separate phases, and the lower layer was used as extraction solvent. The concentration of the indicators of polychlorined biphenyl standard solutions (Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Germany) was 100 ng/mL. Solutions with lower concentration were produced by diluting the working solutions in n-hexane solvent to obtain concentrations between 2 ng/mL and 11 ng/mL.
6
Mycotoxin Extraction and Quantification
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The following reagents were used in the study: solventsmethanol, acetonitrile, n-hexane for HPLC, formic acid (LC-MS), ethyl acetate (Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice), deionized water (Milli-Q Reagent Water (< 10 MΩ cm -1 resistivity) (Merck, Millipore); sorbents-Bondesil PSA, 40 μm (Labstore, Poland), Bakerbond octadecyl (C18, 40 μm, 60 Å), Bakerbond aminopropyl (NH 2 , 40 μm, 60 Å), Bakerbond 1°,2°-Amino (NH 2 /NH, 40 μm, 60 Å) from J.T Baker (Avantor Performance Materials Poland); salts-magnesium sulfate anhydrous (99.5% purity), sodium chloride (99.9% purity) (Avantor Performance Materials Poland), sodium citrate monobasic-HOC(COONa)(CH 2 COOH) 2 (99.5% purity), (Sigma-Aldrich, Poland), sodium acetate anhydrous (99.9% purity) (J.T. Baker, Avantor Performance Materials Poland); standards for ZEA (98% purity) and its metabolites-α-ZEL (98% purity), α-ZAL (97% purity), β-ZAL (98% purity), β-ZEL (98% purity); and an internal standard-zearalanone (ZAN: 98% purity) (Sigma-Aldrich, Poland).
The concentrations of standard solutions were 1152 ng/mL ZEA, 960 ng/mL α-ZAL and α-ZEL, and 800 ng/mL β-ZAL and β-ZEL. Solutions with lower concentrations were produced by diluting the working solutions to obtain concentrations of 0.4 to 748 ng/mL in the methanol/water (60:40, v/v) mobile phase.
The concentrations of standard solutions were 1152 ng/mL ZEA, 960 ng/mL α-ZAL and α-ZEL, and 800 ng/mL β-ZAL and β-ZEL. Solutions with lower concentrations were produced by diluting the working solutions to obtain concentrations of 0.4 to 748 ng/mL in the methanol/water (60:40, v/v) mobile phase.
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