Tween 80, d -glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and CaCl2 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO; USA). Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (100%) was from Erbamea (Lama di San Giustino PG, Italy), and the food-grade sodium alginate was from Farmalabor (Canosa Di Puglia, Italy).
D glucono δ lactone
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
D-glucono-δ-lactone is a lactone compound derived from the oxidation of D-glucose. It is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications. The core function of D-glucono-δ-lactone is to act as a pH regulator, buffer, and chelating agent.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Cacl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Streptomyces griseus, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pyrrole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Frontier spectrometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Sodium persulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Alginic acid sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
W201502, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thymol, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Ketoprofen, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Phenazone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Carbamazepine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ibuprofen, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Dna sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hgcl2, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
7 protocols using d glucono δ lactone
1
Alginate-Based Antimicrobial Coating
2
Preparation of Chitosan Oligomers
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Fully de-N-acetylated chitosan (FA = 0.001) was prepared by a further heterogeneous de-N-acetylation of a commercially available chitosan (Kimica, Japan). Fully de-N-acetylated chitosan oligomers were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of the fully de-N-acetylated chitosan using a commercial chitosanase from Streptomyces griseus (Sigma C9830) and a subsequent separation using size exclusion chromatography.39 (link)In addition a chitosan oligomer mixture (DPn = 3.96, FA = 0.045) provided by Koyo Ltd Co (Japan), lot number 121017WG was used in comparison.37 (link)d -Glucono δ-lactone (GDL) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (U.S.A.). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrrole-based Conductive Hydrogels
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Alginic acid sodium salt, pyrrole, pyridine, sodium carbonate, d -glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), and sodium persulfate (NaPS) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich and used as received. pyrrole was distilled and stored at −20 °C in an airtight container until use. Water for synthetic reactions and dialysis was deionized and purified on a Milli-Q system (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) to Type 1 grade prior to use. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA) and used as received. Membra-Cel MD77 regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane (MWCO = 12–14 kDa), purchased from SERVA (Heidelberg, Germany), was used for sample purification. The pH of product solutions was measured using an Orion VersaStar pH meter (ThermoScientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) data were collected on cast films using the ATR method on a Perkin Elmer Frontier spectrometer. Conductivity measurements on the films were made using a Jandel four-point probe and RM3 resistivity meter (Bedford, UK).
4
Sodium-Alginate Hydrogel Scaffold for Aortic Valve
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The sodium-alginate hydrogel was prepared from low-viscosity alginate (W201502, M/G ratio = 1.56, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). D-glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3, 15–40 nm, 97,5%) were from Skypring Nanomaterials, Houston, TX. Pyrogen-free water was used in all solutions. All solutions were kept at 37 °C prior to mixing.
A solution of 1.74% w/v alginate (12.9 mL) was prepared and mixed at room temperature for 24 h. To initialize gelation (internal gelation), 0.714 mL of 45 mM nano CaCO3 solution as a source of calcium ions and 1.43 mL of 90 mM GDL were used. A molar ratio of 0.5 was used to achieve a neutral pH value. The CaCO3-GDL system allows a time-delayed release of crosslinking calcium ions. This facilitates injection of the alginate hydrogel formulation into the complex mold geometry before gelation occurs [46 (link),60 (link)]. The CaCO3 suspension was added to sodium alginate solution and vortexed for 15 s. The GDL solution was then added to the calcium-alginate solution and vortexed for 10 s. The concentration of alginate in the aortic valve scaffolds was 1.5% w/v and the volume of the valve was 11.7 mL. An additional 3.3 mL of alginate solution was needed to make up for losses associated with the manufacturing process of the scaffold.
A solution of 1.74% w/v alginate (12.9 mL) was prepared and mixed at room temperature for 24 h. To initialize gelation (internal gelation), 0.714 mL of 45 mM nano CaCO3 solution as a source of calcium ions and 1.43 mL of 90 mM GDL were used. A molar ratio of 0.5 was used to achieve a neutral pH value. The CaCO3-GDL system allows a time-delayed release of crosslinking calcium ions. This facilitates injection of the alginate hydrogel formulation into the complex mold geometry before gelation occurs [46 (link),60 (link)]. The CaCO3 suspension was added to sodium alginate solution and vortexed for 15 s. The GDL solution was then added to the calcium-alginate solution and vortexed for 10 s. The concentration of alginate in the aortic valve scaffolds was 1.5% w/v and the volume of the valve was 11.7 mL. An additional 3.3 mL of alginate solution was needed to make up for losses associated with the manufacturing process of the scaffold.
5
Adsorption and Heavy Metal Removal Using Biopolymers
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DNA sodium salt (>5 kbp, ca. 90% purity), CS (50 kDa–190 kDa, 75–85% deacetylation), and D-(+)-glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 6 M solution of hydrochloric acid, and sodium chloride (NaCl) were used as received. Congo Red from Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and 1% Methylene Blue solution (MB) form Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) were used for dye adsorption experiments. Carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan); clofibric acid, paracetamol, thymol, and 3,3’-Dihydroxydiphenylamine were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan); and phenazone was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Japan). Standard solutions of 100 ppm (JCSS) of Cd(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, HgCl2, and Pb(NO3)2 in 0.1 M HNO3 were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). Milli-Q water was purified by Purelab Chorus 1 Life Science apparatus and used in all experiments.
6
Hydrogel Biomaterial Composition
7
Alginate Hydrogel Stiffness Characterization
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A nano-indenter instrument (Piuma; Optics11, Netherlands) was used to determine the alginate hydrogel stiffness. Alginate hydrogel was formed using alginate and Ca-EDTA at pH 7.0 and then mixed at a 2:1 ratio with an aqueous solution of D-glucono-δ-lactone (G4750, Sigma-Aldrich, USA). All samples were measured using a probe with a radius of 38 μm and a cantilever stiffness of 0.3 N/m. Cantilever bending calibrations were performed before each series of experiments by indenting a rigid surface beneath it. Each sample was tested (3 × 3 matrix) in a 300 × 300 μm grid scan with 100 μm between measurement areas. The indentation protocol comprised a loading phase for 2 s at an indentation depth of 10 000 nm, which was held for 1 s, and then an unloading phase for 2 s. JPKSPM data processing was used for data analysis. More than three experiments were conducted for each mechanically tested sample for reliability analysis.
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