Cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside chloride, kaempferol-3-glucoside were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). The other 22 analytical standards of the monitored bioactive compounds were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Individual stock solutions of each analyte, at a concentration of 1000 µg mL−1, were prepared by dissolving pure standard compounds in HPLC-grade methanol and storing them in glass stoppered bottles at 4 °C. Afterwards, standard working solutions at various concentrations were daily prepared by appropriate dilution of the stock solution with methanol. HPLC-grade formic acid 99–100% was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) while HPLC-grade methanol was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q reagent water system (Bedford, MA, USA). All other solvents and chemicals were analytical grade. Before HPLC analysis, all solvents and solutions were filtered through a 0.2 µm polyamide filter from Sartorius Stedim (Goettingen, Germany) and all samples were filtered with Phenex™ RC 4 mm 0.2 µm syringeless filter (Phenomenex, Castel Maggiore, Italy).
Kaempferol 3 glucoside
Manufactured by Phytolab
Sourced in Germany
Kaempferol-3-glucoside is a flavonoid compound found in various plants. It is a glucoside derivative of the flavonol kaempferol. Kaempferol-3-glucoside serves as a standard reference material for analytical and research purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Cyanidin 3 glucoside chloride, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Delphinidin 3 5 diglucoside chloride, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hplc grade formic acid 99 100, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin 3 glucoside, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Delphinidin 3 glucoside, by Phytolab (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q sp reagent water system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Petunidin 3 glucoside chloride, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu phenol reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl radical dpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 6 tri 2 pyridyl 1 3 5 triazine tptz, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Barnsted easypure water filter, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Alcl3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using kaempferol 3 glucoside
1
Analytical Standards for Bioactive Compounds
2
Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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The 36 analytical standards were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy), except for delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside chloride, petunidin-3-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride, delphinidin-3-galactoside chloride, malvidin-3-galactoside chloride, kaempferol-3-glucoside, and quercetin-3-glucoside, which were supplied by PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Single stock solutions of each component were made by dissolving pure analytes in methanol and storing them at 4 °C until analysis, except for anthocyanins, which were maintained at −18 °C until analysis. Working solutions of the standards at different concentrations were made every day by dilution of the stock solutions with methanol. All solvents used for chromatographic purposes were HPLC grade. The 99% Formic acid was supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Deionized water (>18 MΩ cm resistivity) was further purified using a Milli-Q SP Reagent Water System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All solutions and solvents were filtered by a 0.2-μm polyamide filter purchased from Sartorius Stedim (Goettingen, Germany). All samples were filtered before HPLC analysis, by using Phenomenex 0.2-μm syringeless filters.
3
Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Evaluation
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Folin‐Ciocalteu phenol reagent, 2,4,6‐tri(2‐pyridyl)1,3,5‐triazine (TPTZ), potassium chloride, sodium acetate, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), quercetin, gallic acid, L‐glutamine, MTT, AlCl3, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 2,2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, FeCl3.6H2O, HPLC‐grade methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). quercetin‐3‐glucoside (99.14%), kaempferol‐3‐glucoside (99.37%), quercetin‐3‐glucuronide (95.91%), cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (99.21%), cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside (98.02%), delphinidin‐3‐glucoside (98.02%), trans‐caffeic acid (99.81%), and 3‐caffeoylquinic acid (98.95%) were from PhytoLab GmbH (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Barnsted EasyPure water filter (Thermo Scientific, Marietta, OH). Culture medium Ham F‐12, penicillin, streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Invitrogen Corp. Chemicals (Grand Island, NY).
4
Bioactive Compounds Quantification Protocol
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Cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride, delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside chloride, and kaempferol 3-glucoside were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). The other 27 analytical standards of the 30 bioactive compounds and high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, streptomycin, glutamine, LPS from Escherichia coli serotype O127: B8, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), H2O2, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich–Merck (Milan, Italy). The 30 analytical standards were dissolved in pure standard compounds in HPLC-grade methanol at a concentration of 1000 mg L−1 and stored in glass stoppered bottles at 4°C. The standard working solutions were obtained by appropriate dilution of the stock solution with methanol. HPLC-grade formic acid 99–100% was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) while HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH) were supplied by Carlo Erba (Milano, Italy). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q Reagent Water System (Bedford, MA, USA). All other solvents and chemicals were of analytical grade. Before HPLC analysis, all samples were filtered with Phenex RC 4 mm 0.2 μm syringeless filter, Phenomenex (Castel Maggiore, Italy). Low-endotoxin FBS was purchased from Euroclone (Milan, Italy).
5
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Pure standard analytes, including gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and formic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Kaempferol 3-glucoside and delphinidin 3-glucoside were provided by Phytolab (PhytoLab GmbH & Co, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid and ethyl acetate were purchased from Merck (Merck GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany). Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3,5-diglucode and cyanidin chloride were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Porcine pepsin (P6887, 3.200-4.500 U/mg protein), pancreatin (P1750, 4X USP) and porcine bile extract (B8631) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC grade methanol, acetonitrile, diethyl ether was acquired from Actu-All chemical (Oss, The Netherlands). Deionised water (< 8 M cm resistivity) was obtained from Milli-Q PureLab Ultra (Veolia Water Technologies, Ede, The Netherlands).
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