L arabinose

Cel_2-5 and Lam_2-5 were purchased from Megazyme. Sucrose, maltose, l-arabinose, d-fructose, d-galactose, d-xylose, d-mannose, l-rhamnose, and d-gluconate were purchased from Nacalai Tesque. Sop_2-5 were prepared using SOGP from L. innocua and SGL from Chitinophaga pinensis (23 , 28 (link), 29 (link)). Lactose, α,α-trehalose, melibiose, esculin, d-amygdalin, methyl-α-Glc, ethyl-α-Glc, benzyl-α-Glc, pNP-α-Glc, and pNP-β-Glc were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Chemical Corporation. Gentiobiose, d-talose, and gastrodin were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. d-Gulose and 2-naphthyl-α-Glc were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. α-Arbutin was purchased from Ezaki Glico. n-Octyl-β-Glc and methyl-β-Glc were purchased from DOJINDO LABORATORIES and Merck, respectively. Salicin and β-arbutin were purchased from Combi Blocks.

Sakuranetin (1) was chemically synthesized from naringenin (2; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) according to a previously reported method [16 (link)]. The Sakuranetin and naringenin used in this study were racemic mixtures. d-Xylose was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). d-Ribose was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). l-Arabinose was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). A Sylon BFT kit (BSTFA + TMCS, 99:1; Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) was used for trimethylsilylation.

E. coli XL10-Gold {Tet^rΔ(mcrA)183 Δ(mcrCB-hsdSMR-mrr)173 endA1 supE44 thi-1 recA1 gyrA96 relA1 lac Hte [F' proAB lacI^qZΔM15 Tn10 (Tet^r) Amy Cam^r]} (Stratagene. La Jolla, CA) was used for cloning, while XL1-Blue {recA1 endA1 gyrA96 thi-1 hsdR17 supE44 relA1 lac [F' proAB lacI^qZΔM15 Tn10 (Tet^r)]} (Stratagene) was used for carotenoid production experiments. Cells were grown Luria-Bertani (LB) in Lennox media for cloning or preculture and in Terrific Broth (TB) media for carotenoid production. Carbenicillin (50 μg ml⁻¹; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) and/or chloramphenicol (30 μg ml⁻¹; Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) were supplemented where appropriate. For protein overexpression and purification, BL21-AI (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) was used. For induction, 0.2% (w/v) L-arabinose (Nacalai Tesque) and 0.1 mM IPTG (Nacalai Tesque) was added as an inducer.