Spss statistics for windows version 28

We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and R version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) for our statistical analysis. Quantitative data are shown as means and standard deviations or median and interquartile range; categorical data are presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Differences in distributions of quantitative data between the three weight groups were tested using the Kruskal–Wallis test. If a significant difference was found pairwise group comparisons were performed with Mann–Whitney U tests. Categorical data were compared between groups using Fisher’s exact test. The predictive value of sFlt-1/PIGF for APO or AMO was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Areas under the ROC curves were compared between groups using the method proposed by Delong et al. [33 (link)]. All statistical tests were conducted two sided and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

We performed a descriptive analysis of the data using absolute frequencies and percentages or mean and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR). We verified the normality of the distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Patients with normal and impaired nutritional status were compared using the Pearson χ² test for qualitative variables and the t test for quantitative variables, as applicable.
We ran two multivariate models, one based on logistic regression to investigate the variables that were independently associated with impaired nutritional status (MNA ≤ 11 points) and another based on linear regression for the dependent variable MNA (0–14 points). The model included all the variables that proved to be significant in the bivariate analysis and those that were of clinical interest. Given an alpha risk of 0.10 and a beta risk of 0.2 in a bilateral contrast, the sample size calculation showed that 72 patients were necessary to detect an expected significant difference in perceived QoL, where patients with a normal body weight scored higher than those who were at risk of malnutrition [4 (link)]. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. All the statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

All statistical analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the sample and its met and unmet needs. To determine older people’s and caregivers’ factors significantly associated with unmet needs, bivariate analyses were undertaken. A multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine predictors of older people’s unmet needs using a stepwise method. Independent variables considered were older people’s functionality, the number of medications taken, anxious and depressive symptomatology, perceived social support, and health-related quality of life. In addition, caregivers’ burden, anxious and depressive symptomatology, perceived social support, and self-efficacy were included. All analyses were conducted at a significance level of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.

We conducted a descriptive study on PCC definition following the STROBE reporting guideline and performed the literature search using the PRISMA checklist in PubMed on October 26, 2022. A total of 7087 studies containing information on PCC were identified from February 1, 2020, to October 26, 2022. Definition of PCC (eAppendix in Supplement 1), study type, country where the study was conducted, and manuscript submission date were extracted from the publications and are presented chronologically (eAppendix in Supplement 1).
Two investigators (U.C. and A.C.) reviewed the studies and screened titles and abstracts independently and cross-checked a 10% sample of the data collected from the studies. When submission dates were not available, the publication dates were used to determine the study time. Exemption from ethical approval was indicated by the University College of London Ethics Committee. SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 28 (IBM Corp) was used for data analysis.

Continuous variables are depicted as means ± standard deviations (SDs) or as medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs). For categorical variables, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM^® SPSS^® Statistics for Windows, version 28 (Armonk, New York, USA).

For statistical analysis of stress tests and experiments on comparison of initial weights, we compared the average AUCs and performed a paired t-test of US image datasets with classification models in internal and external validation sets. Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 28 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). For the stress test, paired t-tests were used for the intragroup comparison of AUC values of the 100% ratio-trained model and those of each of the models trained with 10–90% ratios of the training datasets. We also performed a comparative analysis of AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV by classifier threshold using each model trained on 100% of the training set for statistical analysis of models with initial weights learned in different domains.