Nicolet 6700 fourier transform ir spectrometer

The nanofibers produced were characterized by conventional Bragg–Brentano X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate the structure of the nanofibers. XRD was conducted to analyze the phase and crystallinity using a Rigaku X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan) with Cu Kα (λ = 1.54056 Å). The study used 2θ angles from 5° to 80°. A spectrometer (JY H800UV) equipped with an optical microscope was used to collect Raman spectra at room temperature with a radiation wavelength of 532 nm. Further, the (FE-SEM) field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-7400, Ibaraki, Japan) was employed to study the fabricated biocomposites’ structural features and chemical composition. All samples were coated with a platinum conductive material to prevent charge buildup on the specimen surface. The coating was thick enough to avoid charging but not thick enough to obscure specimen surface details. FTIR spectroscopy of the prepared samples was registered at a reflection mode by a model Thermo Nicolet 6700 Fourier transform IR spectrometer, in the range of 500–3000 cm⁻¹ and with an accuracy of ±0.09 cm⁻¹. The KBr disc method was used.