Soybean (Glycine max L.) flour was purchased from Chuncheon local market, Korea. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was purchased from Lotte food, Korea. Daidzin, glycitein, genistin, daidzein, glycitein, and genistein standards were purchased from Sigma (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, United States). Phenolic reagent (Folin Ciocalteu, 2 N), sodium bicarbonate (Na2CO3), aluminum nitrate (AlNO3)3, potassium acetate (CH3COO2K), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl), phosphate buffer, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ferric chloride, sulfuric acid, sodium phosphate, and ammonium molybdate were purchased from Merck Chemical Corp. (Darmstadt, Germany).
Glycitein
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Glycitein is a naturally occurring isoflavone compound found in soybeans and other legumes. It serves as a laboratory standard for the identification and quantification of this compound in various samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Daidzein, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Genistein, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Daidzin, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Genistin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Glycitin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Equol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu s phenol reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Resveratrol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Diammonium salt, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 azino bis, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
23 protocols using glycitein
1
Soybean Flour Phytochemical Analysis
2
Soybean, Artemisiae and Mori Fermentation
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The reference standards of daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, glycitein and genistein were all purchased from Sigma−Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)
Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS−grade acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, and water were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany).
Soybean, Artemisiae annuae herba and Mori folium used in the fermentation were purchased from YiFeng TCM shop (Nanjing, China) and authenticated by Associate Professor Jianwei Chen (Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China).
Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS−grade acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, and water were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany).
Soybean, Artemisiae annuae herba and Mori folium used in the fermentation were purchased from YiFeng TCM shop (Nanjing, China) and authenticated by Associate Professor Jianwei Chen (Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China).
3
Antioxidant and Isoflavone Analysis Protocol
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The LB broth and agar media were purchased from Difco (Becton Dickinson Co., Spark, MD, USA). In order to measure the antioxidants and the enzyme activities, the reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,4,5-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St, Louis, MO, USA). Chemicals for measuring TP and TF contents (such as the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and diethylene glycol) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Amongst the twelve isoflavone standards, daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, malonyldaidzin, malonylglycitin, malonylgenistin, acetyldadzin, acetylglycitin, and acetyldaidzin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and the LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). For the analysis, the reagents and solvents (such as HPLC-grade water, methanol, acetonitrile, glacial acetic acid, etc.) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Fisher Scientific International, Inc. (Fairlawn, NJ, USA), respectively.
4
Nutrient Analysis of Food Samples
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Nutritional components
Nutritional components were measured according to the methods described in the Food Code [12 ]. Water content was measured by heat drying under atmospheric pressure and indicated as a percentage. Crude fat, crude protein and crude ash were analyzed by the Soxhlet extraction method, Kjeldahl method and 550℃ direct ashing method, respectively. Carbohydrate content was determined after subtracting the total content (%) of water, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash based on the sample of 100%.
Isoflavone content
For the measurement of isoflavone content, the following method was repeated three times. Samples were extracted by adding 2 mL 0.1 N HCl and 10 mL acetonitrile to a 2 g sample, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, after the extract was centrifuged at 3,400 rpm for 20 minutes, 8 mL supernatant was mixed with 10 ml 80% methanol, followed by stirring using a vortex mixer and filtration through a filter paper of 0.2 µm PTFE membrane for analysis with HPLC. Daidzein, genistein and glycitein, which were used as reference substances, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Com. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Nutritional components were measured according to the methods described in the Food Code [12 ]. Water content was measured by heat drying under atmospheric pressure and indicated as a percentage. Crude fat, crude protein and crude ash were analyzed by the Soxhlet extraction method, Kjeldahl method and 550℃ direct ashing method, respectively. Carbohydrate content was determined after subtracting the total content (%) of water, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash based on the sample of 100%.
Isoflavone content
For the measurement of isoflavone content, the following method was repeated three times. Samples were extracted by adding 2 mL 0.1 N HCl and 10 mL acetonitrile to a 2 g sample, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, after the extract was centrifuged at 3,400 rpm for 20 minutes, 8 mL supernatant was mixed with 10 ml 80% methanol, followed by stirring using a vortex mixer and filtration through a filter paper of 0.2 µm PTFE membrane for analysis with HPLC. Daidzein, genistein and glycitein, which were used as reference substances, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Com. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Antioxidant Compound Characterization
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Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid), ABTS (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-benothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt), Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, and phenolic compound standards (rutin, 2-hydrocinnamic acid, daidzein, equol, epigallocatechin, p-coumaric acid, glycitein, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, epicatechin, gallic acid, coffeic acid, epicatechin gallate, genistein, ferulic acid, and protocatechuic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate, potassium persulphate, potassium acetate, and aluminum chloride hexahydrate were purchased from Tianjin Chemical Factory (Tianjin, China). Ethanol of analytical grade was used during the extraction process, and the formic acid and methanol of chromatographically pure grade were used in the UPLC-MS/MS analysis. All the other chemicals and reagents applied in this study were analytically pure, and deionized water was used.
6
Enzymatic and Antioxidant Assays of Natural Compounds
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Analytical grade organic solvents (such as ethanol, methanol, etc.) were purchased from Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd., Korea. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Electric eel (CAS 9000-81-1), acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) equine serum lyophilized (CAS 9001-08-5), butyrylcholine iodide (BTCI), dithiobis nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), galanthamine, 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), trolox, daidzein, genistein, glycitein, (+)-catechin, rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, soyasaponin I, Folin–Ciocalteau’s reagent, cyanidine 3-o-glucoside chloride, Tris-HCl, lipoxygenase, aspirin, perchloric acid, linoleic acid, casein and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Sigma.
7
Analytical Standards for Chromatographic Analysis
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Ultra-pure water (18 mΩ) was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Co., Ltd., Milford, MA, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol, acetic acid, and 56 analytical standards, including catechinic, scopolin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechinic, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, purerarin, syringic acid, daidzin, glycitin, scopoletin, eriocitrin, umbelliferone, p-coumaric acid, dihydroquercetin, sinapic acid, genistin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, rutin, isoferulic acid, m-coumaric acid, naringin, hesperidin, resveratrol, xanthotoxol, silydianin, sinapyl alcohol, o-coumaric acid, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, 2’-hydroxygenistein, eriodictyol, daidzein, psoralen, glycitein, quercetin, didymin, bergaptol, naringenin, luteolin, cinnamic_acid, hesperetin, genistein, bergapten, diosmetin, isoliquiritigenin, coumestrol, sinensetin, formononetin, medicarpin, imperatorin, biochanin A, tangeretin, and rotenone (displayed in Table S2 ), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. The stock solutions of these authentic standards were 10.0 mg of each standard dissolved in 10 mL methanol. Then, the stock solutions were diluted to various concentrations before analysis. All stock solutions were sealed with Parafilm® and stored in a −20 °C freezer.
8
Isoflavone Compounds Extraction and Antioxidant Analysis
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All chemicals, including solvents, used in the present study were of analytical grade. Isoflavones standards, including daidzein, glycitein, genistein, daidzin, glycitin, and genistin, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical (90% purity), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, and sodium carbonate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo., USA). The other solvents used in HPLC analysis were purchased from Daejung Chemicals (Siheung, Korea).
9
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Standards of the phenolic compounds 2-OH cinnamic acid, 4-OH benzaldehyde, apigenin, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, emodin, epicatechin, gallic aicd, genistein, glycitein, hesperidin, homoorientin, isoquercetin, isovitexin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, luteolin, n-feruloyl octopamine, naringenin, neochlorogenic acid, mauritianin, miquelianin, orientin, p-coumaric acid, pinocembrin, quercetin, quercitrin, rhamnetin, rutin, salicylic acid, taxifolin, umbelliferone, vitexin, and the internal standard probenecid and verapamil hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (LC-MS grade, ≥99.9%) was obtained from Riedel de Haën (Seelze, Germany). Formic acid (LC-MS grade, 99%) was purchased from VWR (Leuven, Belgium). Pure water was attained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
10
Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 Genomic Analysis
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The acidothermophilic Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 (whole genome sequenced) isolated from the hot spring water was stored in our laboratory [1 (link)]. GH3 β-glucosidase Bgl3A derived from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 [376] was used as the reference. Ni2+-affinity beads from Suzhou Beaver Biomedical Engineering (China), and glucose oxidation (GOD-POD) kit from Beijing Leadman (China) were purchased. Substrates of p-nitrophenyl β-d -glucopyranoside (pNPG), p-nitrophenyl α-l -arabinofuranoside (pNPAf), p-nitrophenyl β-d -xylopyranoside (pNPX), barley β-glucan, lichenan, Avicel, and standard samples of daidzein, glycitein and genistein from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), cellobiose to cellohexose, laminaritetraose and maltose from Megazyme (Ireland), and daidzin from Tokyo Chemical Industry were obtained. The soybean meal was purchased from local market. All the other reagents were of analytical grade and commercially available.
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