The microgel particles were synthesized as described elsewhere. 36 In short, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, Aldrich, 97%), 5 mol% (with respect to the mass of NIPAM) of N,N 0 -methylenebisacrylamide (BIS, Aldrich, 99,5%), and 50 mol% (with respect to the mass of NIPAM) of the co-monomer allyl acetic acid (AAA, Aldrich, 97%) were dissolved in 100 mL Milli-Q water, heated to 70 1C under a constant nitrogen stream. Polymerization was initiated by the addition of 1 mg KPS. After synthesis the microgel was dialyzed for 14 days with Milli-Q water to remove oligomers and excess educts, and freeze-dried.
Nipam
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
NIPAM is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used in various research and experimental applications. The core function of NIPAM is to serve as a reagent and building block for the synthesis of polymeric materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Nipmam, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
N n methylenebisacrylamide bis, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 azobisisobutyronitrile aibn, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
1 4 dioxane, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N n methylenebisacrylamide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N isopropylacrylamide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Temed, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
4 4 azobis 4 cyanovaleric acid acva, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acryloyl chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chloroform, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Pnipam, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Streptozotocin (stz), by MedChemExpress (2 mentions)
Hplc grade, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Humulin r, by Eli Lilly (2 mentions)
Milli q plus 185 purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
53 protocols using nipam
1
Microgel Particle Synthesis Protocol
2
Synthesis of Amino-Terminated NIPAM-co-AA Copolymers
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The synthesis of amino-terminated copolymers containing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, 97%, Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) and acrylic acid (AA) was achieved by telomerization and can be summarized as follows: 9 g (80 mmol) of NIPAM and 0.64 g (9 mmol) of AA were dissolved in 100 mL of water and the solution was deoxygenated during 1 h under nitrogen bubbling. Sodium persulfate KPS (0.9 mmol) and AET, HCl (1.8 mmol) as redox initiators were separately dissolved in 10 mL of water before addition to the NIPAM solution. The reaction was allowed to proceed at 20 °C to avoid the phase separation of the polymer. An appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide was added after 4 h to neutralize the hydrochloride ions and the acrylic acid. The polymer was then purified by dialysis against pure water (membrane cut-off = 6–8 kDa) and recovered by freeze-drying. The reaction yield was between 70 and 80 wt %. The composition and molar mass of the copolymers were obtained by SEC, titration, and 1H NMR. The characteristics of the P(NIPAM-co-AA) copolymer obtained by SEC are: Mn = 18.8 kg mol−1 and Ð = 1.4. The ratio of AA is comparable to what was expected: 7% by titration and 10% by 1H NMR, the value obtained by titration could be under-estimated due to the titration of amino end-groups.
3
NIPAM Polymer Gel Synthesis Protocol
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The NIPAM polymer gel in the study was composed of gelatin, NIPAM (97%, Sigma-Aldrich), Bis (N, N´-methylene bis acrylamide), and THPC. The first, gelatin was kept for 10 min to swell in 80% of the de-ionized water and the solution was heated until 50 °C. Then Bis and the same amount of NIPAM monomer were added and the solution was dissolved until a clear solution was obtained. The temperature decreased to 37 °C. The antioxidant THPC was prepared with 20% of de-ionized water and added into the solution. The gel solutions were transferred into the vials, closed with the Parafilm, and finally wrapped in the aluminum foils to avoid any polymerization. Table 1 shows the detail of the NIPAM gel structure.
4
Synthesis of NIPAM-based Hydrogel
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In the course of SFPP the following reagents were used: N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, Aldrich, USA, 97%), N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, (MBA, Aldrich, USA, 99%), ammonium persulfate (APS, Aldrich, Germany, 98%), acrylic acid (AcA, Aldrich, Germany, 99%), purified water with a conductivity not exceeding 5 mS cm -1 (osmotic column ODOS-20 Preksim, Poland, with an Excelon PES filter, Germany).
5
Synthesis of NIPAM-based Hydrogels
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N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, Aldrich), cysteamine hydrochloride (AET•HCl, Fluka), potassium peroxodisulfate (KPS, Aldrich), 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI, Aldrich) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, Fluka) were used as received. Sodium alginate (ALG) was kindly provided by Brothier Laboratories (Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, France). All the inorganic salts, potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 from Aldrich), potassium chloride (KCl from Fluka), sodium chloride (NaCl from Fluka), lithium chloride (LiCl from Aldrich) and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN from Aldrich) were used as received without further purification. All organic solvents were analytical grade and water was purified with a Millipore system combining inverse osmosis membrane (Milli RO) and ion exchange resins (Milli Q) for synthesis and purification.
6
Microgel Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assays
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For the synthesis of the microgels: N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, 99%) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA, 98%, Aldrich, St. Quentin Fallavier, France) were used as monomers. N,N’-Methylenbis(acrylamide) (MBA, Aldrich), was used as the crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS, Aldrich) was the initiator of the reaction. Iodomethane (Aldrich, 99%) and 1-iodobutane (Aldrich, 99%) were employed as the alkylating agent. Anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) (99.5% purity) and hexane (95%) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich, as used as received.
For the microbiological assays: Sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.9%, BioXtra, Steinheim, Germany, suitable for cell cultures) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Aldrich. The microbial growth media, BBLTM Mueller Hinton broth was obtained from Becton, Dickinson and Company (Madrid, Spain). Sheep blood (5%) Columbia Agar plates were acquired from BioMérieux (Madrid, Spain). Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 29213) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis, ATCC 12228), were used as bacterial strains, and the yeast Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis, ATCC 22109) was used as fungal strain and purchased from Oxoid (Wesel, Germany).
For the microbiological assays: Sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.9%, BioXtra, Steinheim, Germany, suitable for cell cultures) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Aldrich. The microbial growth media, BBLTM Mueller Hinton broth was obtained from Becton, Dickinson and Company (Madrid, Spain). Sheep blood (5%) Columbia Agar plates were acquired from BioMérieux (Madrid, Spain). Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 29213) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis, ATCC 12228), were used as bacterial strains, and the yeast Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis, ATCC 22109) was used as fungal strain and purchased from Oxoid (Wesel, Germany).
7
Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers
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Materials L-Lactide (LLA) was obtained from Sinobiom and recrystallized from dry ethyl acetate before use. PEG (M w 4000) and NIPAM were purchased from Aldrich. Stannous 2-ethyl-hexanoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ), methacrylic anhydride and Irgacure 2959 were purchased from Aike, and used as received. Dichloromethane and triethylamine (TEA) were dried over calcium hydride and distilled prior to use. Doxorubicin and tetracycline were purchased from MeilunBio.
8
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Hydrogels
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NIPAM, AgNO3, NaOH, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and NaBH4 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA) and used after further purification through recrystallization. Ammonium persulfate (APS), N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMAAHC) were purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA, USA). Luria-Bertani (LB) broth medium was purchased from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK). E. coli (25922) and S. aureus (25923) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). DMEM containing glucose, phosphate-buffered saline, fetal bovine serum, penicillin G (pen; 10,000 U/mL), streptomycin (strep; 100 μg/mL), and amphotericin B (AmB; 25 μg/mL) were purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Little Chalfont, UK). Human adipose tissue was obtained from the Korea Cancer Center Hospital under the guidelines of the Institutional Review Board at Chung-Ang University (Seoul, South Korea). MTT and DMSO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Deionized water (DW) was used to prepare solutions and for washing. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
9
Fabrication of NIPAM Gel Dosimeters
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NIPAM based gel dosimeters were fabricated using the gelatin (300 Bloom Type A, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO), NIPAM as the monomer (97% Wako, Osako, Japan), N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide (BIS) as the crosslinking agent (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO), and antioxidant tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) as the antioxidant agent (TCI, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). The weight percentages are listed in Table 1 [13 (link)]. The gelatin was added to deionized water, and the solution was stirred for 10 min at room temperature. The solution was then heated to 45°C. After it became transparent, the NIPAM and BIS were added and stirred until the components were dissolved. Then, the THPC was added and stirred for another 2 min. At last, the polymer gels were poured into a cylindrical container with a diameter and height of 10 cm. The NIPAM gel dosimeters were kept at 4°C for 6 hours before irradiation [14 ,15 ].
10
Synthesis of PNIPAM Hydrogels
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The PNIPAM hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide monomer (NIPAM) (Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water, in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) (Sigma-Aldrich). Ammonium persulfate (APS) (Sigma-Aldrich) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylenediamine (TEMED) (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as initiator system.
A solution of NIPAM 0.5 M was dissolved with 2% moles of cross-linker agent (BIS) based on NIPAM moles. Next 1 mg/mL (APS) and 10 μL/mL (TEMED) were added as initiator system. Quickly, the solution was transferred into a 24-well top cover to form thin surfaces and polymerization was carried out at room temperature (22–25 °C) for 24 h. Then, the hydrogel was washed with distilled water for 5 days at room temperature, replacing the water twice a day to remove unreacted chemicals.
A solution of NIPAM 0.5 M was dissolved with 2% moles of cross-linker agent (BIS) based on NIPAM moles. Next 1 mg/mL (APS) and 10 μL/mL (TEMED) were added as initiator system. Quickly, the solution was transferred into a 24-well top cover to form thin surfaces and polymerization was carried out at room temperature (22–25 °C) for 24 h. Then, the hydrogel was washed with distilled water for 5 days at room temperature, replacing the water twice a day to remove unreacted chemicals.
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