For Ae. tauschii spikelet phenotyping, 151 accessions from L2 were vernalized at a constant temperature of 4 °C for 8 weeks in a growth chamber (Conviron). After vernalization, the accessions were transplanted to 3.8 l pots in potting mix (peat moss and vermiculite) and placed in a temperature-controlled Conviron growth chamber with diurnal temperatures gradually changing from 12 °C at 02:00 to 17 °C at 14:00 with a 16 h photoperiod and 80% relative humidity. To represent biological replication, each accession was grown in two pots, and each pot contained two plants. At the transplanting stage, 10 g of a slow-release N-P-K fertilizer was added to each pot. At physiological maturity, 5–15 main stem/tiller spikes per replication (that is, per pot) were collected, and the number of immature as well as mature spikelets were counted. Any obvious weak heads from late-growing tillers were not included. Least square means for each replication were used for k-mer-based association genetic analysis (Supplementary Table 8 ).
Growth chamber
Manufactured by Conviron
Sourced in Canada, United States, Germany, United Kingdom
A growth chamber is a controlled environment chamber designed to provide precise regulation of temperature, light, humidity, and other environmental conditions to support the growth and development of plants, cell cultures, or other biological specimens. The chamber maintains consistent environmental parameters to enable controlled experimental conditions or optimize growth.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Metro mix 360, by Sun Gro Horticulture (2 mentions)
Sodium hypochlorite, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Agarose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
M8250, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
M5524, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Jmp 17, by SAS Institute (1 mentions)
Vitamins, by Caisson (1 mentions)
Phytagel, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
T650sc, by Teledyne (1 mentions)
One half strength ms medium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gateway cloning, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Agar, by Research Products International (1 mentions)
72 protocols using growth chamber
1
Ae. tauschii Spikelet Phenotyping
2
Switchgrass and Arabidopsis Growth Protocols
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Plants of switchgrass cultivar Alamo (2n = 4x = 36) were grown in the glasshouse under 14 h LDs except those for developmental expression and diurnal expression analysis of PvFT1, which were grown in a growth chamber (Conviron) in SDs with 10 h light and 14 h dark cycles. We analysed the development of switchgrass in three vegetative stages (V1, V2 and V3), three elongation stages (E1, E2 and E3) and three reproductive stages (R0, R1 and R2) according to the criteria described previously (Hardin et al. 2013; Moore et al. 1991) . Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 or Ler were used as the wild-type. ft-1 seeds were a kind gift from Richard Macknight. All Arabidopsis seeds were cold treated for three days at 4 °C before they were grown in a growth chamber (Conviron) with 16 h light and 8 h dark in LD conditions at 23 ± 1 °C. For the selection of Arabidopsis transgenic plants, T1 seeds were germinated and grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 25 mg/L Hygromycin. T2 Arabidopsis transgenic seedlings were used for further experiments. Ler and T2 seeds were sterilized and planted on MS medium with 3% sucrose for gene expression analysis. After three days cold treatment at 4 °C, the seeds were germinated and grown in a chamber under LD conditions.
3
Comparing Heat Stress Responses in Winter Wheat
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Two winter wheat genotypes were selected for the experiments based on their significantly different spikelet fertility (seed-set) after a meiosis-staged heat-stress treatment, as confirmed in several studies (Végh et al., 2018 (link); Balla et al., 2019 (link); Janda et al., 2019 (link); Marček et al., 2019 (link)). The Hungarian ‘Mv 17-09’ genotype was considered sensitive to heat, and ‘Ellvis’, a German cultivar, was taken as heat tolerant. For each experiment, seeds (n=50 per genotype and treatment) were sown in Jiffy peat pellets. Seedlings were subjected to 7 weeks of vernalization at 4°C, then planted in plastic pots containing 2 kg of a soil-sand-peat mixture (3:1:1 parts, by volume). Plants were transferred to growth chambers (Conviron, Winnipeg, Canada) and grown using the T1 spring climatic program (Tischner et al., 1997 ).
4
Arabidopsis Growth and Biomass Evaluation
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Example 7
Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (control and transgenic line), ecotype Columbia, are surface sterilized (Sanchez, et al., 2002) and then plated on to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.8% (w/v) Bacto™-Agar (Difco). Plates are incubated for 3 days in darkness at 4° C. to break dormancy (stratification) and transferred thereafter to growth chambers (Conviron, Manitoba, Canada) at a temperature of 20° C. under a 16-h light/8-h dark cycle. The average light intensity is 120 μE/m2/s. Seedling are grown for 12 days and then transferred to soil based pots. Potted plants are grown on a nutrient-free soil LB2 Metro-Mix® 200 (Scott's Sierra Horticultural Products, Marysville, Ohio, USA) in individual 1.5-in pots (Arabidopsis system; Lehle Seeds, Round Rock, Tex., USA) in growth chambers, as described above. Plants are watered with 0.6 or 6.5 mM potassium nitrate in the nutrient solution based on Murashige and Skoog (MS free Nitrogen) medium. The relative humidity is maintained around 70%. 16-18 days later plant shoots are collected for evaluation of biomass and SPAD readings.
5
Arabidopsis Seedling Growth Protocol
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Example 7
Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (control and transgenic line), ecotype Columbia, are surface sterilized (Sanchez, et al., 2002) and then plated on to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.8% (w/v) Bacto™-Agar (Difco). Plates are incubated for 3 days in darkness at 4° C. to break dormancy (stratification) and transferred thereafter to growth chambers (Conviron, Manitoba, Canada) at a temperature of 20° C. under a 16-h light/8-h dark cycle. The average light intensity is 120 μE/m2/s. Seedling are grown for 12 days and then transferred to soil based pots. Potted plants are grown on a nutrient-free soil LB2 Metro-Mix® 200 (Scott's Sierra Horticultural Products, Marysville, Ohio, USA) in individual 1.5-in pots (Arabidopsis system; Lehle Seeds, Round Rock, Tex., USA) in growth chambers, as described above. Plants are watered with 0.6 or 6.5 mM potassium nitrate in the nutrient solution based on Murashige and Skoog (MS free Nitrogen) medium. The relative humidity is maintained around 70%. 16-18 days later plant shoots are collected for evaluation of biomass and SPAD readings.
6
Wheat Microcosm Cultivation and Bacterial Inoculation
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Wheat plants (Skyfall variety, RATG) were grown in 50 ml Falcon tubes containing 40 cm3 of washed autoclaved vermiculite. A volume of 10 ml 1x Jensens nutrient solution was added to each microcosm and reautoclaved. Wheat seeds were sterilized by agitating 5 g in 30 ml 30% bleach/0.01% TritronX solution for 10 min at room temperature. Bleach solution was removed by washing 10 times in 50 ml sterile water. Seeds were stratified overnight at 4°C and then spread onto sterile filter paper to germinate in the dark for 48 h. Single seedlings were placed into sterile vermiculite microcosms and allowed to establish for 48 h in sterile conditions (lid on tube) prior to inoculation with bacterial populations. Plants were grown in growth chambers (Conviron) at 250 μmol/m2/s1, 16:8 h light:dark cycle, 22°C day/18°C night and 60% relative humidity.
7
Arabidopsis Thaliana Growth Protocol
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Example 7
Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (control and transgenic line), ecotype Columbia, are surface sterilized (Sanchez, et al., 2002) and then plated on to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.8% (w/v) Bacto™-Agar (Difco). Plates are incubated for 3 days in darkness at 4° C. to break dormancy (stratification) and transferred thereafter to growth chambers (Conviron, Manitoba, Canada) at a temperature of 20° C. under a 16-h light/8-h dark cycle. The average light intensity is 120 μE/m2/s. Seedling are grown for 12 days and then transferred to soil based pots. Potted plants are grown on a nutrient-free soil LB2 Metro-Mix® 200 (Scott's Sierra Horticultural Products, Marysville, Ohio, USA) in individual 1.5-in pots (Arabidopsis system; Lehle Seeds, Round Rock, Tex., USA) in growth chambers, as described above. Plants are watered with 0.6 or 6.5 mM potassium nitrate in the nutrient solution based on Murashige and Skoog (MS free Nitrogen) medium. The relative humidity is maintained around 70%. 16-18 days later plant shoots are collected for evaluation of biomass and SPAD readings.
8
Cultivation of Opium Poppy in Growth Chambers
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Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum; Papaveraceae) plants were cultivated in growth chambers (Conviron, Canada) with long-day photoperiod (16 h at 20 °C/ 8 h at 18 °C) under combination of cool white fluorescent and incandescent lighting67 (link). Plant cultivars have been described32 (link),68 , and Przemko has been further detailed69 . All research involving controlled materials was performed with appropriate government approvals.
9
Seed Sterilization and Germination Protocol
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Seeds were surface-sterilized by washing once in 70% (v/v) ethanol for one minute (Fischer Scientific, UK), once in autoclaved water for one minute, followed by 15 min in 10% (v/v) sodium hypochloride solution (Fischer Scientific, UK) and then washed a further three times in autoclaved deionized water. Seeds were sown directly onto 96 well modular trays (P G Horticulture Ltd, UK), containing a 1:1 mix of Levington M2 potting compost (Levington, UK) and vermiculite (fine, William Sinclair Horticulture, UK), and treated with the insecticide Intercept 70W (0.02 g L−1 soil, Bayer, Germany). Plants were grown in growth chambers (Conviron, Canada) under long days and constant temperature (16 h L: 8 h D; 200 µmol m−2 s−1; 20°C or 16 h L: 8 h D; 400 µmol m−2 s−1; 22°C) or in growth cabinets (see specific methods).
10
Arabidopsis Growth Conditions and Media
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Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia-0) was used for all experiments involving wild-type and mutant analysis. Our standard plant growth media for seedlings consisted of 1× Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, 1 % (w/v) sucrose, 1 × Gamborg's vitamin solution, 5 mm 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, pH 6, and 1·3 % (w/v) agarose (Sigma Chemical, St Louis, MO, USA). Sterilized seeds were grown vertically on plates for 5 days at room temperature under continuous light. Other growth conditions included the addition of 200 mm mannitol to the standard medium and changing the pH of the medium from 6·0 to 5·0. For plants grown in soil, seed was sown in soil (MetroMix 360, Sun Gro Horticulture, Bellevue, WA, USA) and placed in growth chambers (Conviron, Winnipeg, CA, USA) programmed for long-day conditions (16 : 8 h light:dark cycle, 20 °C).
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