The main instruments used in this study include slit lamp microscope (Topcon SL-1E, Topcon, Japan); inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Optima 5300DV, Perkin Elmer, USA); drug iontophoresis apparatus (Xi'an Huaya Product Company, China); eyecup (MEDA Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China) which is made of polycarbonate, inner diameter of 12 mm; Ag/AgCl electrodes (Aida Hengsheng, Tianjin, China); and 250 μL Hamilton syringe fitted with 33 G needle (Hamilton, Bonaduz, Switzerland). Soluble Ferric pyrophosphate (FPP) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (USA) and 0.4% Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride Eye Drops was from Santen (Osaka, Japan). Other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma and were of the highest grades available. Sterile deionized water (resistivity ≥18 MΩ cm) was used to prepare all solutions. All surgical instruments were nickel-chromium alloy equipment. For HPLC solvent preparation, distilled water and HPLC-grade solvents were used.
Oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drop
Manufactured by Santen
Sourced in Japan, China, United States
Oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops is a topical anesthetic solution used to numb the surface of the eye. It contains the active ingredient oxybuprocaine hydrochloride, which works by blocking the transmission of pain signals from the eye to the brain.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tropicamide eye drop, by Santen (3 mentions)
Tropicamide phenylephrine eye drops, by Santen (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Sodium hyaluronate eye drops, by Santen (2 mentions)
Levofloxacin eye drops, by Santen (2 mentions)
Compound tropicamide eye drop, by Santen (2 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Optima 5300 dv, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Sl 1e, by Topcon (1 mentions)
M22 ipl system, by Lumenis (1 mentions)
Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension, by Abbvie (1 mentions)
Ketamine hydrochloride, by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine (1 mentions)
Xylazine, by Sangon (1 mentions)
Ofloxacin eye drops, by Santen (1 mentions)
Pkh26, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hamilton syringe, by Hamilton Company (1 mentions)
Levofloxacin, by Santen (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tartaric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcein acetoxymethyl ester calcein am, by Wuhan Servicebio Technology (1 mentions)
38 protocols using oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drop
1
Ferric Pyrophosphate Drug Delivery
2
Meibomian Gland Expression with IPL
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The M22 IPL system (Lumenis, Tel Aviv, Israel), set for the AOPT mode, was used in this research. The energy parameters were estimated based on Fitzpatrick skin type and the patient’s tolerance and comfort (density, 15–17 J/cm2). Each patient received two perpendicular IPL treatments, once from each side. The treatment from the right included the cheeks and nose, while the one from the left extended the interior margin of the protective eye shields. An Aritia Meibomian Gland Compressor (Katena Product Inc., Denville, NJ, USA) was used to perform the MGX on the upper and lower eyelids immediately after the IPL therapy. The patients in this group were given 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) for pain relief through the procedure.
An additional inclusion criterion was Fitzpatrick skin types of 1–4 [17 (link)]. Patients were excluded if they had implants in the treatment area; cosmetic eyelid surgery in the last five years; glaucoma; graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune connective tissue diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis or lupus; acute solar dermatitis; allergic disease; had eye surgery less than three months earlier; any physical or mental condition interfering with successful participation in the study; recent LipiFlow or MGX treatment.
An additional inclusion criterion was Fitzpatrick skin types of 1–4 [17 (link)]. Patients were excluded if they had implants in the treatment area; cosmetic eyelid surgery in the last five years; glaucoma; graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune connective tissue diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis or lupus; acute solar dermatitis; allergic disease; had eye surgery less than three months earlier; any physical or mental condition interfering with successful participation in the study; recent LipiFlow or MGX treatment.
3
Corneal and Meibomian Gland Sampling
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After topical anesthesia with 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (Santen, Osaka, Japan), corneal scrapings from the infected eye were wiped on the tip of a sterile dry cotton swab; another sterile dry cotton swab was used to wipe the lower conjunctival sac from the nasal to the temporal side and backward while rotating the swab. Two more sterile cotton swabs were used to squeeze the lower meibomian gland from the bottom to the top of both the inside and outside of the lower eyelid until the meibum was visible at the openings, and the lower eyelid margin including the squeezed meibum from the nasal to temporal side and backward. Conjunctival and eyelid margin samples for the control group were obtained using the same procedure for one random eye without obtaining a corneal scraping sample. Each sample swab was stored in a sterile tube immediately and carried to the laboratory for culture.
4
Sampling for Ocular Blepharitis Study
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Swab samples from subjects in the blepharitis groups were taken from one eye with confirmed blepharitis, and those from the control group subjects were taken from one random eye. The subjects sat down and were asked to look up. After topical anesthesia with 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (Santen, Osaka, Japan), a disposable aseptic cotton swab was used to wipe the lower conjunctival sac from the nasal to temporal side and backwards while rotating the swab. This process was repeated twice, avoiding sample contamination from the eyelashes or outer eyelid skin. Then, two sterile cotton swabs were used to squeeze the lower meibomian gland from the bottom to top both inside and outside of the lower eyelid until the meibum was visible at the openings, and the lower eyelid margin including the squeezed meibum was sampled from the nasal to temporal side and backwards. Each swab was immediately placed into a sterile tube and stored in an ultralow-temperature freezer at −80°C before DNA extraction.
5
IPL and Meibomian Gland Expression for Dry Eye
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We used the M22 IPL system with OPT (Lumenis, Tel Aviv, Israel) and the treatments were administered using the proprietary AOPT mode setting. Energy parameters were determined based on Fitzpatrick skin type and patient tolerance and comfort (range, 15–17 J/cm2). IPL treatment was administered twice from the right preauricular area, across the cheeks and nose and to the left preauricular area, with the treatment area reaching up to the interior boundary of the eye shields. Immediately after OPT treatment, MGX was performed on both the upper and lower eyelids of each eye using an Aritia Meibomian Gland Compressor (Katena Products Inc., Denville, NJ, USA). During the procedure, all the patients received 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan) to minimize pain. During the study, all patients received sodium hyaluronate eye drops (Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) four times a day.
6
Implantation of V4c Implantable Collamer Lens
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All V4c ICL implantation surgeries were performed by the same ophthalmic surgeon. Compound tropicamide eye drops (1 ml: 5 mg: 5 mg, Santen, Japan) were applied 30 min before surgery to dilate the PD to 7 ± 0.5 mm. After the application of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (20 ml: 80 mg, Santen, Japan) for topical anesthesia, a 3 mm temporal corneal incision and an auxiliary incision at 12 o'clock were made. The anterior chamber was injected with sodium hyaluronate (Shanghai Kinsson, China), a viscoelastic agent (OVD). The V4c ICL was inserted into the anterior chamber with a MicroSTAAR injector (STAAR Surgical Co., Monrovia, CA, USA) and then placed in the posterior chamber and positioned in the horizontal axis. OVD was exchanged with balanced salt solution. A 0.1 ml carbachol injection (2 ml: 0.1 mg, Freda, China), as the miotic agent, was instilled in the anterior chamber of the left eyes. After surgery, prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension (5 ml: 50 mg, Allergan, Ireland) and levofloxacin eye drops (5 ml: 24.4 mg, Santen) were administered topically four times daily for 2 weeks. No more mydriatic drops were applied between the procedure and each follow-up visit.
7
Demodex Detection via Conjunctival Swab
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Subjects were sampled with the selected eye examined for more demodex. After topical anesthesia with 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (Santen, Osaka, Japan), a sterile dry cotton swab was used to wipe both the upper and lower conjunctival sacs. The procedure was repeated twice. Two blank sterile swabs were also collected. Each swab was immediately placed into a sterile tube and stored in an ultra-low temperature freezer at −80°C before DNA extraction.
8
Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures and Reagents
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Department of ophthalmology operation microscope (Suzhou six six visual Polytron Technologies Inc), Surgical instruments in Department of Ophthalmology(Suzhou medical instrument factory), Compound Tropicamide Eye Drops (Shenyang Shengyuan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.), Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride Eye Drops (Santen Pharmaceutical Co., China), Tobramycin and Dexamethasone Eye Ointment (American Alcon Corporation), Atropine Sulfate Eye Ointment (Shanghai General Pharmaceutical Limited by Share Ltd), Hyaluronic acid sodium salt (The victory, Shandong bauschlomb Freda), Anti Sheep anti mouse, immune tissue chemical Kit (Zhongshan Company, Beijing), Anti Akt, anti p-Akt, anti NF-kb antibody (Abochorage Shanghai Trading Co., Ltd.), Rat TGF-beta ELISA Kit (West Tang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai).
9
Implantable Silicone Device for Cyclosporine A Delivery
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We obtained PLGA (LA/GA ¼ 50/50, Mn ¼ 100.000) from Ji'nan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd. (Ji'nan, China). We purchased CsA (99% purity) from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Liquid medical-grade silicone (MED-4244) was purchased from Nusil Silicone Technology (Carpinteria, CA, USA). Medical-grade silicone tubes were purchased from Guangzhou Tianling Silicone Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Other reagents and drugs included: ketamine hydrochloride (Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China); xylazine (Sangon Biological Engineering Ltd., Shanghai, China); ofloxacin eye ointment (Shenyang Sinqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China); oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); and hematoxylin and eosin kits (H&E; Baso Diagnostics, Inc., Zhuhai, China).
10
Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization
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After dilating pupils, mice were placed on a platform under a slit lamp, and the corneas were anesthetized with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride eye drops (Santen Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Osaka, Japan). 532 nm argon laser-induced photocoagulation was used to disrupt Bruch’s membrane bilaterally in each mouse. Four spots of laser photocoagulation in the posterior pole of the retina were created with a power of 150–200 mW, duration of 100 m s, and 50 μm spot size using a slit lamp delivery system with a handheld coverslip as a contact lens. The laser spots are located approximately two to three optic disc diameters away from the optic nerve head, avoiding the main vessels. The appearance of a white bubble, which indicates a break of Bruch’s membrane, is an important factor to obtain CNV, and only burns causing bubble formation were included in subsequent experiments. Spots with hemorrhage or failing to develop a bubble were excluded from the analysis.
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