2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), ibuprofen, lidocaine hydrochloride, and caffeine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Poznań, Poland); disodium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate from Merck, Darmstadt (Germany); Biobase, beeswax were purchased from Mazidła.com (Poznań, Poland); grape seed oil was purchased from Monini (Spoleto, Italy); sodium acetate anhydrous, potassium persulfate, potassium acetate, xylene, 99.5% acetic acid, aluminium chloride, 36% hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulphate anhydrous as well as propylene glycol, ethanol, and methanol were from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland), whereas acetonitrile for HPLC from J.T. Baker, (Landsmeer, The Netherlands). All reagents were of analytical grade.
Potassium chloride (kcl)
Manufactured by Chempur
Sourced in Poland, United States
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a colorless, odorless, and crystalline chemical compound that is commonly used in various laboratory applications. It serves as an essential component in various scientific experiments and procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Chempur (8 mentions)
Methanol, by Chempur (6 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Chempur (5 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Chempur (4 mentions)
Na2hpo4, by Chempur (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chempur (3 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Chempur (3 mentions)
Iron 2 sulfate heptahydrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid (abts), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Sodium acetate anhydrous, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate anhydrous, by Chempur (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ferrozine, by Serva Electrophoresis (2 mentions)
Iron 2 chloride tetrahydrate, by Chempur (2 mentions)
19 protocols using potassium chloride (kcl)
1
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Assays
2
Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Salts
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Sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium sulfate(VI), and dopamine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Poland (Poland, Poznań). Potassium chloride and ethanol were acquired from Chempur (Poland, Gliwice). All of the reagents mentioned above were used without further purification. The water was purified using a Millipore Milli-Q system (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). The silver plates were acquired from Mennica Polska (Poland, Warsaw).
3
Antioxidant Capacity Assays Protocol
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DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), TPTZ (2,4,6--tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3--ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxy-lic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA; gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate from Merck, Germany; rutin trihydrate from Roth, Germany; ferrozine from Serva Electrophoresis, Germany; neocuproine from J&K Scientific, Germany. Methanol, potassium persulfate, 36% hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.5% acetic acid, sodium acetate anhydrous, sodium carbonate anhydrous, copper(II) chloride dihydrate, iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, potassium chloride, sodium nitrite, aluminum chloride hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Chempur, Poland; ethanol from Linegal Chemicals, Poland. All reagents were of analytical grade.
4
Solvent Characterization for Ibuprofen Extraction
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All reagents were commercially available materials and were used without further purification. (RS)-Ibuprofen (99%) was obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). l -Valine (≥99%) was purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Trimethylsilyl chloride (≥99%) (TMSCl) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim am Albuch, Germany). Methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), propan-2-ol (iPrOH), propan-1-ol (PrOH), butan-1-ol (BuOH), pentan-1-ol (AmOH), hexan-1-ol (HexOH), heptan-1-ol (HeptOH), acetic acid, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, orthophosphoric acid (98%), diethyl ether was high purity obtained from Chempur (Gliwice, Poland). Ammonium hydroxide solution 25% (NH3·H2O) was of analytical grade purchased from StanLab (Lublin, Poland). Acetonitrile (≥99.9%) for HPLC gradient grade and n-octanol (≥99%) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim am Albuch, Germany). Disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (≥99%) (Na2HPO4·2H2O), disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (99%) (Na2HPO4·12H2O) were provided by Fisher Bioreagents (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous (98%) (NaH2PO4) was obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous (99%) was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) (99.8%) (+0.03% TMSCl) was purchased from Eurisotop (Cheshire, England).
5
Vascular Effects of Pharmacological Compounds
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Acetylcholine chloride, sodium nitroprusside, and noradrenaline hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louise, MO, USA); potassium chloride from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland); pinacidil, NS1619, and U-46619 from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Stock solutions (10 mM) of these drugs were prepared in distilled water, except for noradrenaline, which was dissolved in NaCl (0.9%) + ascorbic acid (0.01% w/v) solution; pinacidil, NS-1619 were dissolved in DMSO, and U-46619 in ethanol.
These solutions were stored at −20 °C, and appropriate dilutions were made in Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH in mmol/L: NaCl 115; CaCl2 2.5; KCl 4.6; KH2PO4 1.2; MgSO4 1.2; NaHCO3 25; glucose 11.1) on the day of the experiment. The maximal solvent concentration in the medium was less than 0.01% (vol/vol). At these concentrations, solvents did not alter the reactivity of the studied arteries.
Hemp seeds were purchased from Ekogram (Zielonki, Poland), and unrefined, cold-pressed hemp seed oil was obtained from Ol’Vita (Panków, Poland).
These solutions were stored at −20 °C, and appropriate dilutions were made in Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH in mmol/L: NaCl 115; CaCl2 2.5; KCl 4.6; KH2PO4 1.2; MgSO4 1.2; NaHCO3 25; glucose 11.1) on the day of the experiment. The maximal solvent concentration in the medium was less than 0.01% (vol/vol). At these concentrations, solvents did not alter the reactivity of the studied arteries.
Hemp seeds were purchased from Ekogram (Zielonki, Poland), and unrefined, cold-pressed hemp seed oil was obtained from Ol’Vita (Panków, Poland).
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Eugenol Esters
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The following compounds were used for the synthesis of eugenol esters: chloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), dichloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥ 99%), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur, 99%), oxallyl chloride (Alfa Aesar, 98%), eugenol (Keten, p.a.), pyridine (AR Ubichem), dimethylformamide (DMF, Acros, 99%), chloroform (Chempur, p.a.), and deionized water.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81:71:51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81:71:51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
7
Antioxidant Capacity Assays Protocol
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DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), TPTZ (2,4,6--tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3--ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxy-lic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA; gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate from Merck, Germany; rutin trihydrate from Roth, Germany; ferrozine from Serva Electrophoresis, Germany; neocuproine from J&K Scientific, Germany. Methanol, potassium persulfate, 36% hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.5% acetic acid, sodium acetate anhydrous, sodium carbonate anhydrous, copper(II) chloride dihydrate, iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, potassium chloride, sodium nitrite, aluminum chloride hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Chempur, Poland; ethanol from Linegal Chemicals, Poland. All reagents were of analytical grade.
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Eugenol Esters
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The following compounds were used for the synthesis of eugenol esters: chloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), dichloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥ 99%), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur, 99%), oxallyl chloride (Alfa Aesar, 98%), eugenol (Keten, p.a.), pyridine (AR Ubichem), dimethylformamide (DMF, Acros, 99%), chloroform (Chempur, p.a.), and deionized water.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81: 71: 51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81: 71: 51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
9
Reagents for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Methanol, acetonitrile (LC gradient grade and LC-MS grade), water (LC-MS grade), DMSO, 98–100% formic acid, methylglyoxal (MGO, 40% in water), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Merck–Sigma–Aldrich (Poland–Sigma-Aldrich, Poznań, Poland). Glacial acetic acid, NaCl, KCl, Na2HPO4, and KH2PO4 (reagent grade) were obtained from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). All other reagnts, unless stated otherwise, were of analytical grade and purchased from Chempur. Water was glass-distilled and deionized.
10
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Antioxidants
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Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium bicarbonate (Na2CO3), iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), and methanol were obtained from Chempur (Poland). Aluminium(III) chloride (AlCl3) and 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); DPPH, ABTS, methylglyoxal (40% in water), methanol (HPLC grade), acetonitrile (HPLC gradient grade and LC-MS grade), water (LC-MS grade), bovine serum albumin (BSA), DMSO, and 98–100% formic acid from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4 · 7 H2O), NaCl, KCl, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4 (reagent grade), and others from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland).
All spectrophotometric measurements were conducted using a Multiskan GO Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
All spectrophotometric measurements were conducted using a Multiskan GO Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
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