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16 protocols using il 17a tc11 18h10.1

1

Multiparameter flow cytometry analysis

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Fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies to CD4 (GK1.5), CD11b (M1/70), CD11c (N418), CD45.1(A20), CD45.2 (104), CD90.1 (OX-7), CD103 (2E7), I-A/I-E (M5/114.15.2), Dectin-1 (RH1), IFN-γ (XMG1.2), IL-10 (JES5-16E3) and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1) were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). Anti-mouse Langerin (L31), IL-17F (18F10), IL-22 (1H8PWSR), Foxp3 (FJK-16S) were acquired from eBioscience (San Diego, CA).
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2

Murine Immune Cell Staining

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Antibodies to CD3ε (145-2C11), CD28 (37.51), CD11c (HL3), CD44 (IM7), CD62L (MEL-14), human NGFR (C40-1457), IL-4 (11B11), IL-4 (BDV4-1D11), and IFN-γ (XMG1.2) were purchased from BD. Antibodies to CD8α (53–6.7), B220 (RA3-6B2), Thy1.1 (OX-7), NKp46 (29A1.4), and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1) were purchased from BioLegend. Antibodies to Foxp3 (FJK-16s), IL-17F (eBio18F10), and γδ TCR (UC7-13D5) were purchased from eBioscience. Murine IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-6 were purchased from PeproTech. Human TGF-β, murine IL-21, IL-23, anti–TGF-β mAb (1D11), and IL-21R-Fc chimera were purchased from R&D Systems.
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3

Mouse CD1d Tetramer Staining

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Mouse CD1d tetramers coupled to APC and loaded with PBS-57 (an iNKT cell ligand analog to α-GalCer) were provided by the NIH Tetramer Core Facility. Fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to mouse CD45.1 (A20), CD45.2 (104), TCRβ (H57-597), CD4 (RM4-5), NK1.1 (PK136), Gr-1 (RB6-8C5), CD11b (M1/70), CD69 (H1.2F3), IFN-γ (XMG1.2), IL-4 (11B11), and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1) were all purchased from BioLegend. c-Maf mAb (sym0F1) was purchased from eBioscience. For intracellular cytokine staining, cells were incubated with PMA (50 ng/ml), ionomycin (500 ng/ml), and brefeldin A (10 µg/ml; Sigma) for 3 h. After preincubation with unconjugated anti-CD16/32 (2.4G2; BioLegend) mAb, cells were stained for surface antigen and then fixed and permeabilized using the IC fixation buffer and permeabilization buffer (eBioscience) followed by incubation with anti-cytokine or isotype control Abs. FACS data were acquired by BD LSRFortessa (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo software. For cell sorting, murine naive CD4+CD62Lhi T cells and CD1d/PBS-57+TCRβ+ iNKT cells were sorted by FACSAria IIIu (BD Biosciences).
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4

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis of γδ T Cells

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Fluorochrome-labeled mAbs including mouse γδTCR (GL3, 1:100), Vγ4 (UC3-10A6, 1:500), Vγ1 (2.11, 1:500), CD24 (M1/69, 1:500), CD27 (LG.3A10, 1:500), CD62L (MEL-14, 1:500), and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1, 1:500, Biolegend), CD44 (IM7, 1:200), RORγt (AFKJS-9, 1:200), and Ki-67 (SolA15, 1:200, eBioscience), IL-23R (753317, 1:10) and CCR6 (140706, 1:50, R&D system) were used. Anti-mouse Vγ6 (17D1, 1:500) was kindly provided by Dr. Tigelaar (Department of Dermatology, Yale University). For intracellular cytokine staining, cells were first blocked with anti-CD16/32 and then stained with different cell surface Abs. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained intracellularly for IL-17, RORγt or Ki-67. The relevant isotype control mAbs were also used. Samples were harvested with BD FACS Calibur or Canto (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA) and analyzed with FlowJo software (TreeStar).
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5

Characterization of CD4+ T Cells and Astrocytes

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After 48 h or 96 h of incubation, non-adherent CD4 T cells were removed by washing the co-culture 3 times with PBS (2% FBS). The remaining adherent cells (T cells and astrocytes) were incubated with accutase (Millipore) at 37°C for 40 min, collected and analyzed by flow cytometry. CD4+ cells were stained with the following mouse specific monoclonal antibodies: CD3 (clone 17A2), CD4 (GK1.5), MHCII (M5/114.15.2), CD39 (24DMS1), Rorg (gamma, greek letter) t (lower case) (AFKJS-9), IFN-γ (XMG1.2), CD25 (PC61 5), FoxP3 (FJK-165), CD44 (IM7), CD62L (MEL-14) (eBioscience), CD73 (TY11.8) and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1) (Biolegend). Astrocytes were stained for CD11b (M1/70) (Biolegend), VCAM-1 (429) (BD Bioscience), ICAM-1 (YN1/1.7.4) (eBioscience). All samples were acquired with a FACSCalibur or FACSCanto (Becton Dickinson) and analyzed with FlowJo software (FlowJo v10.0.7). IL-6 protein concentration was determined using the DuoSet ELISA Development System according to the manufacturer's instructions (R&D Systems).
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6

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Whole spinal cord infiltrated cells or 2.0×105 lymphocytes were stained with 2
µg/ml monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) after Fcγ receptor blocking with
2.4G2 Ab. After cell surface staining, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and
permeabilized with 0.1% saponin, and then intracellular staining was performed. Anti-mouse
CD11c (N418 or HL3), CD4 (RM4-5 or GK1.5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD40 (3/2, 3), CD80 (16-10A1),
CD86 (GL-1), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) (M5/114.15.2),
granulocyte-differentiation antigen-1 (Gr-1) (RB6-8C5), IFN-γ (XMG1.2) and IL-17A
(TC11-18H10.1) were purchased from Biolegend (USA). Phcoerythrin (PE)-conjugated IL-17A
(TC11-18H10) and biotin-conjugated anti-mouse OX40 ligand (OX40L) (RM134L) were purchased
from BD Pharmingen (USA). PE/Cy7-conjugated streptavidin was purchased from BD Bioscience
(USA). Stained cells were detected with a FACSCanto II Flow Cytometer (Becton, Dickinson
and Company, USA) and analyzed with BD FACS Diva (Becton, Dickinson and Company) and
FlowJo software (Tree Star, USA). Dead cells which stained by 7-Amino Actinomycin D
(7-AAD) were excluded.
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7

Mesenteric Lymph Node Cell Analysis

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Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were manually dissected, and single-cell suspensions were made by passing cells through a 70μM cell strainer in RPMI 1640 media (Life Technologies) containing 10% FCS (Hyclone), 2 mM l-glutamine (Life Technologies), and 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Life Technologies).
Cells were stained directly ex vivo for Foxp3 measurements or, for intracellular cytokine measurements, restimulated with 0.5 μg/ml PMA and 1 μg/ml ionomycin for 3.5 h, with 10 μg/ml brefeldin A included for the final 2.5 h. Cells were stained for 20 min at 4°C with Abs to the surface marker CD4 (RM4-5; BD Pharmingen), and CD103 conjugated to biotin (M290; BD Pharmingen) followed by PerCP-streptavidin (BD Pharmingen). Cells were fixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions with Fix/Perm (eBiosciences) for Foxp3 measurements, or Cytofix/Cytoperm (BD) for intracellular cytokine measurements, and then stained for 20 min at 4°C with Abs to Foxp3 (FJK-16s; eBioscience), IL-4 (11B11; BioLegend), IFN-γ (XMG1.2; BioLegend), IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1; BioLegend), or the relevant isotype controls. Marker expression was measured on FACSCanto (BD) or LSR II (BD) flow cytometers, and data were analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar).
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8

Multicolor Flow Cytometry of Immune Cells

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Membrane and intracellular staining of MLN or epithelial cells were performed as described.22 The following antibodies were used: CD4 (GK1.5, BioLegend), CD8α (53–6.7, BD Biosciences), CD16/CD32 (93, BioLegend), IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), RORγt (Q31-378, BD Biosciences), IFNγ (XMG1.2, BD Biosciences), IL-10RA (1B1.3a, BioLegend), and Ep-CAM (G8.8, BioLegend).
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9

Intracellular Cytokine Staining and Analysis

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For intracellular cytokine staining, cells were restimulated for 4 h with 50 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and 1 µM ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) in the presence of GolgiStop (BD). Cells were fixed with Cytofix/Cytoperm Fixation and Permeabilization Solution (BD) and stained for intracellular cytokines. Cells were analyzed on a FACSCalibur (BD). Antibodies to the following antigens were used: CD201 (EPCR; eBio1560; eBioscience), CD4 (RM4-5; BioLegend), IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1; BioLegend), IFN-γ (XMG1.2; BioLegend), CD62L (MEL-14; BioLegend), CD44 (IM7; BioLegend), IL-1R (JAMA-147; BioLegend), and GM-CSF (MP1-22E9; BioLegend). All flow cytometric data were analyzed using FlowJo Software (Tree Star). IL-17A concentration in the supernatant was determined by ELISA using standard protocols.
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10

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Skin-Infiltrating T Cells

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Fluorochrome-labeled mAbs including anti-mouse CD3 (17A2, RRID: AB_1595492), γδTCR (GL3, RRID: AB_1595492), Vγ4 (UC3-10A6, RRID: AB_10569353), Vδ4 (GL2, RRID: AB_1877234), CD45 (30-F11, RRID: AB_312973), CD11b (M1/70, RRID: AB_312791), Gr-1 (RB6-8C5, RRID: AB_313377), and IL-17A (TC11-18H10.1, RRID: AB_2125010) and IL1R1 (DIH9, RRID: AB_2687367) were purchased from Biolegend. Anti-human γδTCR (REA591, Cat # 130-113-508) was purchased from Miltenyi Biotec and anti-human CD3 (UCHT1, Cat # 550795) was purchased from BD bioscience. For intracellular IL-17 staining, mouse skin cells or LN cells were treated with GolgiPlug (Biolegend) at 37°C for 4 h. Cells were first blocked with anti-CD16/32 and then stained with different cell surface Abs at 4°C for 20 min. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained intracellularly at 4°C overnight for IL-17A. The relevant isotype control mAbs were also used. Samples were harvested with BD FACS Canto and analyzed with FlowJo software (TreeStar).
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