All the reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Zirconium(IV) chloride (ZrCl4), terephthalic acid (H2BDC), acetic acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) (0.011 μm), and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA). Methanol and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (99%, stabilized) were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Carboxylic-acid-functionalized silica (COOH SiO2) (20–30 nm) was purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. (Houston, TX, USA).
Methyl methacrylate
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in United States
Methyl methacrylate is a clear, colorless liquid used as a raw material in the production of various polymers and resins. It serves as a fundamental building block for the synthesis of a wide range of materials with diverse applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile aibn, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Concentrated hydrochloric acid hcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lithium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Magnesium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium phosphate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Zinc tetraphenylporphyrin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethylammonium chloride solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chondroitin sulfate sodium salt from bovine cartilage, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N 3 dimethylamino propyl methacrylamide dmapma, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 diethylamino ethyl methacrylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium acetate anhydrous, by Avantor (1 mentions)
2 methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethylammonium chloride solution tmaema, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium spma, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin zntpp, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
7 protocols using methyl methacrylate
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks
2
Synthesis of Functionalized Polymers
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Polymer Brushes
4
Decalcification and Resin Embedding of Bone Samples
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Each sample was cut median between the two femoral condyles. One half of each sample was decalcified for 7 hours in a commercially available decalcification solution (DC3, Labonord, France), dehydrated and embedded in paraffin, while the other half was processed for resin inclusion in serial changes of 5% (w/v) Methyl benzoate (Sigma Aldrich), 35% (w/v) Butyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 60% (w/v) Methyl methacrylate (VWR, Radnor/PA, USA) with increasing amounts of 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis/MO, USA).
Sections of 4–10 µm were obtained from each sample and stained with Masson’s Trichrome (decalcified samples) or Von Kossa (calcified samples). Pictures were analyzed with an Eclipse 80i microscope light microscopy (Nikon, Japan) and captured using a DXM 1200C CCD camera (Nikon, Japan).
Sections of 4–10 µm were obtained from each sample and stained with Masson’s Trichrome (decalcified samples) or Von Kossa (calcified samples). Pictures were analyzed with an Eclipse 80i microscope light microscopy (Nikon, Japan) and captured using a DXM 1200C CCD camera (Nikon, Japan).
5
Femur Specimen Dehydration and Embedding
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Once explanted, the distal ends of the implanted femurs were fixed in formalin. After this, the bone specimens (n = 18) were dehydrated with graded ethanol. They were then infiltrated and embedded in glycol methyl-methacrylate (GMMA, VWR International SAS, Fontenay sous Bois, France) obtained by mixing 90% purified methyl-methacrylate (VWR, Radnor, PA), 9% polyethylene glycol (VWR) and 1% benzoyl peroxide (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ). Polymerization was started with a mixture of N,N-dimethylaniline, 99% (Sigma-Aldrich) and propan-2-ol (Prolabo, France) at 4 ¯C for 1 week. The resulting resin blocks were then polished and cut into 2 pieces: one half of each sample was used for either SEM or histologic analysis.
6
Detailed Femur Decalcification and Embedding Protocol
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After fixation, right femur was washed for 12 hours at 4 C in each of the following series of solutions: 0.01 M PBS containing 5% glycerol, 0.01 M PBS containing 10% glycerol, and 0.01 M PBS containing 15% glycerol. The specimens were then decalcified in EDTA-G solution (14.5 g EDTA, 1.25 g NaOH, and 15 ml glycerol were dissolved in distilled water and the pH was adjusted to pH 7.3). The EDTA-G solution was replaced every 5 days until confirming decalcification. To remove EDTA and glycerol from the decalcified tissues, they were washed at 5 C for 12 hours in successive washes of sucrose. Finally, tissues were dehydrated in a graded series of alcohols and embedded in low-melting-point paraffin using a Leica automatic tissue processor (Reichert-Jung Leica, Heerbrugg, Switzerland, www.leica.com). The left femur from each animal in each group of WT and Ido1 2/2 mice was fixed in 70% ethanol and used for CT analysis followed by dehydration and embedding undecalcified in methyl methacrylate (J-T Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ). In addition, brain (parietal lobe) and
7
Quantitative Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone
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Three‐micrometer (3‐μm) sections of bone embedded in methylmethacrylate (J‐T Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) were placed on gelatin‐coated glass slides and stained with Goldner stain using standard protocols.(51 ) Tumor areas within the bone cortex area were measured using Image J. For osteoclasts, detection of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was carried out on 3‐μm bone sections according to the method of Liu and colleagues.(52 ) Naphthol‐AS‐TR was used as substrate, and pararosaniline (Sigma‐Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) as coupler.(51 ) A subset of each group (n = 5–7) was selected for analysis. Slides were scanned using a Leica Aperio A1 Turbo digital pathology scanner (MUHC Research Institute Technology Platforms). Analyses were performed using Bioquant Osteo Image analysis software (Bioquant Image Analysis Corp., Nashville, TN, USA). The number of osteoclasts (N.Oc) within the region of interest was determined (N.Oc/bone surface mm2). Osteoblast surface (Ob,S/bone surface mm2) was also determined from these sections.
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