Hydrogen peroxide

Human tissues were fixed in 10% formalin (Solarbio, Beijing, China) and embedded in paraffin. Five-micrometer sections were dewaxed with dimethylbenzene (Macklin, Shanghai, China) and dehydrated in a gradient ethanol series, followed by incubation with citrate buffer for antigen recovery. Hydrogen peroxide (Macklin, 3%) was used to block the endogenous peroxidase activity. The sections were incubated with primary antibodies against KIF21B (1:500; Thermo Fisher) overnight at 4°C. The sections were then stained using biotinylated secondary antibodies at 37°C for 20 min and exposed using DAB. The images were captured by microscopy (Leica, Wetzlar, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany). Three fields were randomly selected, and the average percentage of brown or dark yellow particles in the cytoplasm was counted.

Dopamine hydrochloride and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomenthane (Tris) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (China). Silicon (Si) wafer (2 cm × 2 cm), aluminum (Al) sheets, polypropylene (PP) membranes, polyimide (PI) membrane, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are commercial products. Prior to use, silicon wafers were subjected to a 20 min immersion in boiling piranha solution (3:7 v/v H₂O₂–H₂SO₄), followed by thorough rinsing with deionized water and drying with nitrogen gas. Other substrates were cut into squares with a side length of 2 cm, washed by acetone overnight to remove impurities, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 30 °C. Reagents such as sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid (98%), hydrogen peroxide (30%), ethanol, hydrochloric acid, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. and used without further purification. Ozone was generated electrically from air source using an ozone generator (220 V/50 Hz, HY‐004‐5A, Guangzhou Jiahuan electrical technology Co., Ltd., China). Different pH buffer solutions were purchased from Quanzhou Yida technology Co., Ltd. (China).

Niobium aluminum carbide powder (Nb₂AlC, 90%, particle size 200 μm) was purchased from Forsman. Phenylacetylene (PA, 99.5%), palladium chloride (PdCl₂, > 99%), hydrofluoric acid (HF, 40%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 30%), hydrobromic acid (HBr, 48%), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99%) and other substituted alkyne compounds (99%), and Lindlar catalyst (5 wt % Pd) were purchased from Macklin. Unless otherwise stated, all solvents and chemicals were used without further treatment. All gases (N₂, H₂, D₂, CO) used for catalyst synthesis and catalytic reaction were ultrahigh purity. Deionized water used in the experiment was obtained using a water purifier (HHitech).

Titanium tetra-n-butoxide (reagent grade, >98.5%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (reagent grade, 98%), and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH, 1.0 mol/L in water; ICP testing showed the content K⁺ was 0.70 wt.% and the content Na⁺ was 0.035 wt.%) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. Other reagents including H₂SO₄ (reagent grade, 98%), triethanolamine (reagent grade, 97%), hydrogen peroxide (30%), 1-hexene (reagent grade, 99%), cyclohexanone (reagent grade, 99%), and Ce(SO₄)₂ (standard solution, 0.1000 mol/L) were purchased from Macklin. All the chemical reagents were used without further purifications.

Iron(ii) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O), trimesic acid(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), bismuth trichloride (BiCl₃), methylene blue (MB), and RhB were supplied by Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Other reagents, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37 wt%), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30 wt%), were used as received from commercial suppliers without any further purification.

Tannic acid (TA), Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide (30 wt%), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), L-proline, glycine, cysteine, alanine, glutamic acid, NaCl, KCl, MnCl₂·4H₂O, CaCl₂, glucose and L-glutathione reduced were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Ammonia solution (25–28 wt%) and formaldehyde (37–40 wt%) were purchased from Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Co., Ltd. Pluronic^® F127 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The qualitative filter paper was purchased from Whatman. All the reagents were used without further purification. Deionized water from a Milli-Q Plus system (Millipore) was used in all experiments.