Afb1 standard

AFB₁ standard, RBBR, coumarin, sodium periodate, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pronase E from Streptomyces griseus was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from J.T. Baker (Avantor Performance Materials, Inc., Center Valley, PA, USA). Ethyl acetate was purchased from Daejung Chemicals and Metals Co. (Gyeonggi-do, Korea).

AFB1 standard was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (U.S.). Water, methanol, acetonitrile chloroform were purchased from Fisher Chemical (U.S.). All solvents were of HPLC-grade. Membrane filters (47 mm × 0.45 μm) and syringe filters (13 mm × 0.2 μm) were obtained from Millipore (U.S.).

AFB₁ standard was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Stock solution of AFB₁ was prepared in methanol at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. From the stock standard solution, working solution was prepared by diluting AFB₁ in methanol at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and stored at 4°C. Before use, the solution was brought to laboratory room temperature (25°C) and thoroughly shaken. Acetonitrile and methanol were of HPLC grade and supplied by ACILabscan (Thailand). Sodium chloride was obtained from Ajax Finechem Pty. Ltd. (New Zealand) and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was from Applicati Chem Panreac ITW Companies (Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid was purchased from ACROS Organics (Belgium) and water was purified (18 MΩ) on a Milli-Q Plus apparatus.

All solvents (HPLC grade) (acetonitrile; chloroform and methanol) and chemicals (Tween 80; Folin–Ciocalteu reagent; DPPH reagent; AFB1 standard; starch) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Ethanol 96% and sodium carbonate were purchased from VWR International (Fontenay-sous-bois, France). Ultrapure water was prepared using Veolia Purelab Classic (Veolia, Toulouse, France). Maltodextrin Glucidex IT12 was purchased from Roquette (Lestrem, France) and soy protein SUPRO^®XT219DIP from Solae Belgium NV (Ieper, Belgium).

All solvents (hydrochloric acid; Tween 80; chloroform; acetonitrile; formic acid and methanol) and chemicals (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone; Folin-Ciocalteu reagent; DPPH reagent; AFB1 standard) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St Quentin Fallavier, France) with the exception of ethanol 96% and sodium carbonate purchased from VWR International (Fontenay sous bois, France). The solvents used in this study were HPLC grade. Ultrapure water was prepared using Veolia Purelab Classic (Veolia, Toulouse, France).

DMF (DMF, 100% purity) was purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Chromatographic grade methanol was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The AFB₁ standard was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA).
The A. flavus strain NRRL3357 used in this study [29 (link)] was maintained in the dark condition on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 4 °C as reserving. A conidia inoculum was prepared by washing PDA surface culture and adjusted to 10⁷ conidia/mL with 0.1% Tween-80 solution. The AFB₁ standard was dissolved in 70% methanol.