All of the chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. and Merck GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany) unless stated otherwise and used without any further purification. Polyethylene glycol was procured from Pars Azma, Iran, while Methanol and ethanol were obtained from Pars alcohol, Iran. The following instruments were used for the experiments of this study: centrifuge (Froilabo Firlabo SW12R), ultrasonic bath (Bandelin Ultrasonic Bath DT 52 H SONOREX DIGITEC 240 W with Heating), X-ray diffractometers equipped with Cu irradiation, λ = 1.5406 Å (X’Pert Pro MPD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (TESCAN MIRA FESEM, Czech Republic), BELSORP MINI X Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution (from Japan), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet, Avatar 370 FTIR), the inductivity coupled plasma (OPTIMA 7300DV) and dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments Ltd.).
Avatar 370 ft ir
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
The Avatar 370 FT-IR is a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer designed for laboratory use. It is capable of analyzing the infrared absorption spectrum of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples.
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7 protocols using avatar 370 ft ir
1
Comprehensive Characterization of Nanomaterials
2
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Freeze-Dried Emulsion Gels
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Freeze dried emulsion gels were mixed with KBr at a ratio of 1:100 to make a tablet. Infra-red spectra of samples were analyzed using IR spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet Avatar 370 FT- IR, USA) in the region of 4000–400 cm−1 using 64 readings per second at a resolution of 4 cm−1.
3
Physicochemical Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles
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Particle size, size distribution, and polydispersity
index (PDI) for GNP and GNP@ICG were obtained
using the Malvern Zetasizer (Zetasizer, Malvern Ins.,
USA). To assess the stability of GNP and GNP@ICG,
we performed dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of
NPs at different time points. For this purpose, 125 μl of
GNP and 90 μl of GNP@ICG were added to 875 and 910
μl of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented culture
medium, respectively and DLS analysis was performed
immediately and then 48 hours later. The results were
compared to each other.
The optical properties of the GNP@ICG were recorded
in the wavelength range of 300–1000 nm using UVvisible spectroscopy (UV 1700, Shimadzu Corp, Japan).
The morphology of the GNP@ICG was determined
using a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM LMU
TESCAN BRNO-Mira3, Czech Republic), operating at
an acceleration voltage of 26 kV. TEM (Gatan model 791,
Philips CM 12, Poland) was carried out to evaluate the
morphology and size distribution of the GNPs. Infrared
spectra were recorded with an FTIR spectrometer
(AVATAR 370, Thermo Nicolet AVATAR 370 FTIR,
USA) to investigate possible chemical interactions
between ICG and GNP@ICG. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis (Bruker 9XS; G8ADVANCE, Germany) was
performed to identify the crystallographic structure of
GNP. Measurements were performed at voltage 40 kV
and current 30 mA over the 2θ range of 20° to 80°.
index (PDI) for GNP and GNP@ICG were obtained
using the Malvern Zetasizer (Zetasizer, Malvern Ins.,
USA). To assess the stability of GNP and GNP@ICG,
we performed dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of
NPs at different time points. For this purpose, 125 μl of
GNP and 90 μl of GNP@ICG were added to 875 and 910
μl of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented culture
medium, respectively and DLS analysis was performed
immediately and then 48 hours later. The results were
compared to each other.
The optical properties of the GNP@ICG were recorded
in the wavelength range of 300–1000 nm using UVvisible spectroscopy (UV 1700, Shimadzu Corp, Japan).
The morphology of the GNP@ICG was determined
using a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM LMU
TESCAN BRNO-Mira3, Czech Republic), operating at
an acceleration voltage of 26 kV. TEM (Gatan model 791,
Philips CM 12, Poland) was carried out to evaluate the
morphology and size distribution of the GNPs. Infrared
spectra were recorded with an FTIR spectrometer
(AVATAR 370, Thermo Nicolet AVATAR 370 FTIR,
USA) to investigate possible chemical interactions
between ICG and GNP@ICG. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis (Bruker 9XS; G8ADVANCE, Germany) was
performed to identify the crystallographic structure of
GNP. Measurements were performed at voltage 40 kV
and current 30 mA over the 2θ range of 20° to 80°.
4
FTIR Analysis of Biodegradable Polymer Films
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FTIR spectroscopy of biodegradable herein films was determined using an FTIR spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet; AVATAR‐370 FTIR). The spectra were assessed within a range of 400–4000 cm−1 using a resolution of 4 cm−1. An average of 32 scans has been mentioned for each sample. All measurements were performed at ambient temperature (Liang & Wang, 2018 ).
5
Preparing IR Spectra of Freeze-Dried Emulsion Gels
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Freeze dried emulsion gels were mixed with KBr at a ratio of 1:100 to make a tablet. Infra-red spectra of samples were analyzed using IR spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet Avatar 370 FT-IR, USA) in the region of 4000-400 cm -1 using 64 readings per second at a resolution of 4 cm -1 .
6
FT-IR Analysis of Sample Components
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The functional groups of the samples' components were studied by FT-IR (Thermo Nicolet, AVATAR, 370 FT-IR, USA). The samples were scanned with a resolution of 4 cm - 1 between 4000 cm - 1 and 400 cm - 1 .
7
Characterization of Freeze-Dried EPS
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