Prism software inc

All experiments were carried out in triplicate, and at least three independent experiments were performed. The association between HPV status and OSCC was examined using Chi-square tests in SPSS software version 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data of mRNA expression were normalized relative to GAPDH gene expression. The results were analyzed and graphed using GraphPad Prism Software Inc. version 8.0 (Graphpad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests, Mann–Whitney rank-sum tests, or one-way ANOVAs. A result was regarded as statistically significant if the p-value was <0.05. To assess the heterogeneity of our metanalysis, Cochran’s Q-based Chi-squared test and I² statistics were performed. When the calculated I² was more than 50% and/or the presence of a p < 0.10 for the Cochran’s Q test, the analysis was considered as having significant heterogeneity [41 (link)]. Based on the heterogeneity, the fixed or random-effects model of HPV prevalence DNA and HPV genotypes in oral cancer was calculated. The association between HPV16 DNA infection and OSCC risk was evaluated by pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the cases to other risks.

All summary data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. Although no statistical methods were used to predetermine sample sizes for the studies, our sample sizes were similar to those generally used in the field. Differences between 2 groups were analyzed using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. Data from multiple groups were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison (GraphPad Prism Software Inc.). Differences with a P-value < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.