Tetraethoxysilane

N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM, 99%), 3-(methoxymethylsilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA 98%), and potassium persulfate (KPS 99%) were bought from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Beijing, China) and used as received; analytical grade tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, ≥28%, SiO₂) was bought from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent (Shanghai China); 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (UPTES, 40.0–50.0%, methanol solution) was obtained from Aladdin Reagent (Shanghai, China). N-Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%) was purchased from Shanghai Richjoint Chemical Reagents (Shanghai, China). Sodium phosphate tribasic dodecahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, methanol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ascorbic acid, antimony potassium tartrate, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Beijing, China); Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (99%) was purchased from Shanghai Shenbo Chemical (Shanghai, China). Deionized water, which was purified by a Millipore Milli-Q system, was put to use in all experiments.

Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS,A.R), ammonia solution(NH₃·H₂O) (25~28%, A.R), and sodium carbonate anhydrous(Na₂CO₃,A.R) were obtained from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co.LTD. Ethyl alcohol absolute (EtOH) was obtained from Shanghai Zhenxing No.1 Chemical Plant. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (98%, APTES) was purchased from J&K Scientific LTD. Deionized water was used in all experiments. Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Fluorescein isothiocyanate isomeric (FITC, 90%) was purchased from ACROS ORGANICS.