of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoro ethylene, is used in this
work and termed as CTFE afterward; it was kindly supplied by Ausimont,
Italy (MFI: 15 g/10 min, @ 230 °C, 5 kg). Cloisite 30B [bis(hydroxyethyl)
methyl tallow ammonium ion exchanged montmorillonite], Southern clay,
CEC 110 mequiv/100 g is used as a nanofiller. (Tallow is a mixture
of C16 and C18 long-chain alkenes.) Sodium hydroxide
and potassium permanganate (NaOH, KMnO4), LOBA Chemie,
are used as an etchant and potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5, Sigma-Aldrich) is used for the cleaning purpose.
Styrene monomer (Sigma-Aldrich) and toluene (LOBA Chemie) are used
for grafting and distilled before polymerization. Chlorosulfonic acid
(ClSO3H, LOBA Chemie) is used for sulfonation on grafted
species.