Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instruction. Reverse transcription reactions were performed using High Capacity RNA-to-cDNA Kit (Life Technologies). Real-time PCR was performed in ABI 7500 real-time PCR system using SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Life Technologies). The primers used are shown in Supplementary Table S1. The reactions were incubated at 95°C for 10 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 1 min. GAPDH was used as internal control.
All reverse transcription reactions included no-template controls, and all PCR reactions were run in triplicates. Relative miRNA or mRNA expression was determined using the comparative CT (2−ΔΔCt) method.