Sodium carbonate

Bombyx mori silkworms and cocoons were sourced from Italy and Kenya, respectively. Lithium bromide was acquired from Honeywell Fluka. Ammonia and PEG (M_w = 8000 g mol⁻¹) were obtained from Fisher Scientific. Ammonium acetate, sodium carbonate, SYPRO orange dye and sodium carbonate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Acetonitrile, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, catechin, malvidine-3-O-glucoside, trans-piceid, trans-resveratrol, sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate, potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium carbonate and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin Fallavier, France). Sodium acetate and trifluoroacetic acid were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Peypin, France), and methanol and phloroglucinol from Biosolve Chimie (Dieuze, France). The solvents used were High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) grade. Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q Advantage A10 purification system from Millipore (Fontenay sous Bois, France). Alpha-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acarbose and para-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) were purchased from Analytic Lab (Castelnau-le-Lez, France). Trans-astringin and trans-piceatannol were obtained from Carbosynth (Compton, UK) and ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA), respectively. Hopeaphenol, isohopeaphenol, Ɛ-viniferin, δ-viniferin and ω-viniferin were isolated from a grapevine raw shoot. The cis-isomers were obtained using Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation (254 nm) from trans-isomers.

The liquid chromatography standards: ferulic acid and catechin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seoul, Korea). The α-glucosidase enzymes derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pancreatic lipase, 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU), aminoguanidine (AG), Sulphuric acid, vanillin, soyasaponin B, orlistat, and acarbose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seoul, Korea). Sodium carbonate, methyl cellosolve, potassium phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate dibasic sodium chloride, sodium citrate, 4-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 6-hydroxy2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), ethanol, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid, Sodium carbonate, and potassium per-sulfate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seoul, Korea). All the chemical reagents used were of analytical grade.

Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), glacial acetic acid, N-butanol, pyridine, 1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), cytochrome C, xanthine oxidase, xanthine, glutathione reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), acetylcholinesterase, 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), cresyl violet, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-striazine (TPTZ), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, Trizma hydrochloride, potassium chloride, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), tris-hydrochloride, and sodium carbonate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chemicals used in Western blot analysis were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Methanol and acetic acid (HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific.

Lyophilized streptokinase (1,500,000 IU) was obtained from Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh. Gallic acid, quercetin, and ferric chloride were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, MI, USA. Potassium ferricyanide, sodium carbonate, and ascorbic acid were purchased from Merck KGaA, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Germany, and SD Fine Chem. Ltd., Kolkata, West Bengal, India. ascorbic acid was purchased from SD Fine Chem. Ltd., Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and Potassium ferricyanide from May and Backer, Dagenham, UK. Methanol, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, and Potassium ferricyanide were purchased from Merck KGaA, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Germany. All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade.