Aze virtual place

Manufactured by Canon

Sourced in Japan

The AZE Virtual Place is a virtual reality software designed for laboratory applications. It provides a digital simulation environment for various scientific experiments and research activities. The core function of the AZE Virtual Place is to create a realistic and interactive virtual space for users to conduct experiments, analyze data, and collaborate remotely.

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Lab products found in correlation

Somatom definition flash, by Siemens (2 mentions) Synapse vincent, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Airis vento, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Aquilion lightning, by Canon (1 mentions)

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AZE Virtual Place Raijin (2 citations)

12 protocols using aze virtual place

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Protocol

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We recorded the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score based on the following parameters: 120 kVp, 150 mAs, and 3-mm thickness. All data were evaluated using a dedicated workstation (AZE Virtual Place; Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan). The CAC score was calculated using the Agatston method, which multiplies the area of each calcified plaque by a density factor determined by the peak pixel intensity within the plaque²⁶⁾. The plaque-specific scores for all the slices were added. The density factors were 1, 2, 3, and 4 for plaques with peak intensities of 130–199, 200–299, 300–399, and ≥ 400 HU, respectively. Patients with a high CAC score were defined as those having a CAC score ＞100 based on the previous cohort studies²⁷⁾.

Ichikawa K., Miyoshi T., Ohno Y., Osawa K., Nakashima M., Nishihara T., Miki T., Toda H., Yoshida M, & Ito H. (2022). Association between High Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Computed Tomography Attenuation and Impaired Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial Artery. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 30(4), 364-376.

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Quantifying Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume

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Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) was defined as all adipose tissue within the pericardium with a CT density ranging from −190 to −30 HU. We used the pulmonary artery bifurcation as the superior limit and the level of the posterior descending artery as the inferior limit of the heart. As previously described, the EAT volume (cm³) was quantified from non‐contrast CT images using a dedicated workstation (AZE Virtual Place; Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan).¹⁸

Nishihara T., Miyoshi T., Nakashima M., Ichikawa K., Takaya Y., Nakayama R., Miki T, & Ito H. (2023). Association of perivascular fat attenuation on computed tomography and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Failure, 10(4), 2447-2457.

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Cardiac CT Imaging Acquisition and Analysis

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CT scans were performed using a 128‐slice CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition Flash; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) as previously described.¹⁶ All patients arrived at the hospital 1 h before the scheduled CT. When the heart rate was >60 b.p.m., the patients received an oral beta‐blocker. In addition, patients mandatorily received an oral dose of short‐acting nitroglycerin.
Non‐contrast cardiac CT images with a 3‐mm slice thickness were obtained before CCTA to measure the coronary artery calcification score (CACS) according to the Agatston method, which involves multiplying the area of each calcified plaque by a density factor determined by the peak pixel intensity within the plaque. The data were evaluated using a dedicated workstation (AZE Virtual Place; Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan). Furthermore, the CCTA images were reconstructed with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm. On CCTA analysis, we evaluated coronary artery segments with a diameter >2 mm and defined plaque characteristics as per the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography.¹⁷ Two experienced cardiovascular imaging researchers (K. I. and T. M.) interpreted the CCTA results.

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Coronary Artery Plaque Assessment by CCTA

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CT scans were performed using a 128-slice CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition Flash; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) as previously described [12 (link)]. All patients arrived at the hospital 1 h before the scheduled CT. If their heart rate was >60 beats/min, the patients received an oral beta-blocker. Patients mandatorily received an oral dose of short-acting nitroglycerin. The data were evaluated using a dedicated workstation (AZE Virtual Place; Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan). The CCTA images were reconstructed with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm. With CCTA analysis, we evaluated coronary artery segments with a diameter >2 mm and defined plaque characteristics in accordance with the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography [13 (link)].

Nishihara T., Miyoshi T., Ichikawa K., Osawa K., Nakashima M., Miki T, & Ito H. (2022). Association of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with High-Risk Plaque on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: A Matched Case–Control Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(10), 2838.

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Volumetric CT Measurement of Total Kidney Volume

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TKV was measured by CT using the volumetric methods. Briefly, a radiologist was blinded to the measurements collected by the nephrologist. Axial CT images acquired at a 5-mm slice thickness were electronically transferred to the imaging workstation. The renal cortex was traced on each image showing renal parenchyma, and the renal pelvis was excluded from the volume measurement. Following complete tracing of each kidney, TKV was automatically calculated using the volume measurement software available on Ziostation 2 (Ziosoft, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), SYNAPSE VINCENT (FUJIFILM, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), or AZE Virtual Place (Canon, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).

Moriyama T., Nakayama Y., Soejima M., Yokota Y., Ota K., Ito S., Kodama G., Nakamura N., Kurokawa Y., Yano J., Ueda U., Takamiya Y., Kaida Y., Hazama T., Shibata R., Koda Y, & Fukami K. (2020). Effect of tolvaptan on renal involvement in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease according to different gene mutations. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 25(3), 251-260.

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Skeletal Muscle Volume Quantification Using CT

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We measured skeletal muscle volume with computed tomography (CT) imaging of the third lumbar vertebra level using an AZE Virtual Place (Canon Medical Systems Ltd., Tochigi, Japan). To calculate the skeletal muscle concentration, the CT values were set from −29 to +150 Hounsfield units.¹³ We used the following formula (example shown in Figure S2):

Saeki I., Yamasaki T., Yamauchi Y., Kawaoka T., Uchikawa S., Hiramatsu A., Aikata H., Kobayashi K., Kondo T., Ogasawara S., Chiba T., Kawano R., Chayama K., Kato N, & Takami T. (2023). Impact of skeletal muscle volume on patients with BCLC stage‐B hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing sorafenib therapy. Cancer Medicine, 12(9), 10625-10635.

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Coronary CTA Imaging Protocol for Plaque Analysis

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Coronary CTA images were obtained as described previously [15 (link)]. The acquired data were transferred to a workstation (AZE Virtual Place; Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan) and reconstructed with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm. During CCTA analysis, we evaluated the degree of stenosis and plaque characteristics in segments with a diameter > 2 mm in accordance with the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography [19 (link)]. Plaques were categorized as “calcified” (HU > 130), “non-calcified” (HU < 130), or “low-density” (HU < 50) [15 (link)]. Moreover, we defined high-risk plaque (HRP) features (positive remodeling; a remodeling index > 1.1, spotty calcification; a calcium burden length < 1.5, and width less than two-thirds of the vessel diameter, low-density plaque; HU < 30) as previously described [20 (link)]. The presence of ≥ 2 features was defined as HRP. Significant stenosis was defined as a luminal narrowing ≥ 50%. Adverse CCTA findings were defined as the presence of significant stenosis and/or HRP. Two experienced cardiovascular imagers (T.N. and T.M.) who were blinded to the clinical data analyzed the CCTA images.

Nishihara T., Miyoshi T., Nakashima M., Miki T., Toda H., Yoshida M., Ichikawa K., Osawa K, & Yuasa S. (2024). Prognostic value of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings: comparison with no-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 23, 167.

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3D Reconstruction and Volumetric Analysis of Inner Ear Structures

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MRI data were evaluated the previously described KIIS technique [4, 8] . The MR images were qualitatively analyzed by experienced neuroradiologists. The source innerear TFS (SPACE sequence) and ELS (PPI-PEI) images were reconstructed using a specialized workstation (AZE Virtual Place; Canon Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). In addition, we manually separated the inner-ear fluid space from the surrounding structures by using the object extraction function and the cut tool of the workstation. A high-quality 3D image was eventually semi-automatically constructed using both anatomical and tissue information, which facilitated the fusion of the 3D inner-ear fluid space and ELS images. We then used anatomical drawings to identify the components of the inner ear [9] (link). Subsequently, we measured the volumes of the ELS and TFS of the inner ear components and calculated the ELS/TFS volume ratio of the total inner ear, cochlea, vestibule, and semi-circular canals (SCCs) using the aforementioned multi-volume software. The distribution rates of the cochlea, vestibule, and SCCs were measured using the cochlear ELS volume/total inner ear ELS volume, vestibular ELS volume/total inner ear ELS volume, and SCC ELS volume/total inner ear ELS volume ratios, respectively (Figure 1).

Inui H., Sakamoto T., Ito T, & Kitahara T. (2021). Magnetic resonance imaging of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease: volume ratio and distribution rate of the endolymphatic space. Acta oto-laryngologica, 141(12).

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Quantifying Abdominal Fat Volumes

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Intra-abdominal fat area and subcutaneous fat area were measured with a 0.3-T MRI scanner (AIRIS Vento, Hitachi, Japan) as described previously [11 ]. Briefly, T1-weighted transaxial scans were obtained. Intra-abdominal fat area and subcutaneous fat area at the fourth and fifth lumbar interspaces were measured as described previously using specialized image analysis software (AZE Virtual Place, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Japan).

Naito H., Kaga H., Someya Y., Tabata H., Kakehi S., Tajima T., Ito N., Yamasaki N., Sato M., Kadowaki S., Sugimoto D., Nishida Y., Kawamori R., Watada H, & Tamura Y. (2023). Fat Accumulation and Elevated Free Fatty Acid Are Associated With Age-Related Glucose Intolerance: Bunkyo Health Study. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 8(2), bvad164.

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Quantifying Coronary Artery Calcification and Pericardial Fat

Cited 2 times

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We recorded the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and pericardial fat volume based on the following parameters: 120 kVp, 150 mAs, and 3-mm thickness. All data were evaluated on a dedicated workstation (AZE Virtual Place; Canon medical systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan). The CACS was calculated using the Agatston method, which involved multiplying the area of each calcified plaque by a density factor determined using the peak pixel intensity within the plaque. The plaque-specific scores for all slices were added together [17 (link)]. The density factor was 1, 2, 3, and 4 for plaques with peak intensities of 130–199, 200–299, 300–399, and ≥ 400 Hounsfield units (HU), respectively. The pericardial fat volume was quantified by calculating the total volume of the tissues whose CT density ranged from − 190 to – 30 HU within the pericardium [18 (link)].

Ichikawa K., Miyoshi T., Osawa K., Nakashima M., Miki T., Nishihara T., Toda H., Yoshida M, & Ito H. (2022). High pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation on computed tomography angiography predicts cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: post-hoc analysis from a prospective cohort study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 21, 44.

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