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8 protocols using thp1 lucia nf κb cells

1

Culturing THP-1 Monocytes and NF-κB Reporter Cells

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THP-1 monocytes were purchased from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). THP-1 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 cell culture medium containing 2 g/L glucose (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vienna, Austria) and supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum and 45 units/mL (1%) penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in a humidified atmosphere. The THP1-LuciaTM NF-κB cells used for NF-κB activity measurements were purchased from Invivogen (Toulouse, France). THP1-Lucia NF-κB cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 cell culture medium containing 4.5 g/L glucose and 2.383 g/L HEPES (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat inactivated FCS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 100 µg/mL of normocin (Invivogen, Toulouse, France) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in a humidified atmosphere. To maintain the stability of the reporter gene cell clone, cells were grown under selection pressure with 100 µg/mL of zeocin (Invivogen, Toulouse, France) every second cell passage. Cell density was kept between 2∙105 and 1∙106 cells/mL and the number of cell passage did not exceed 20 passages.
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2

Infection of Mtb-H37Rv in THP1-Lucia Foam Cells

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THP1-LuciaTM NF-κB cells (Invivogen) were cultured in a comparable manner to wild type THP-1 cells to generate macrophages and foam cells. THP1-LuciaTM-derived foam cells were infected with Mtb-H37Rv for 4 h, then washed with PBS to remove extracellular bacteria. Cell culture supernatants were collected at 24 h post-infection and filtered twice through 0.22 μm centrifuge tube filters (Sigma). To measure luciferase activity, 10 μL of the supernatants were transferred to white-bottom 96-well plates and monitored for activity in the presence of 2 μg/mL of coelenterazine substrate (NanoLight Technology) with a Clariostar plate reader (BMG Biotech).
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3

LILRB3 Signaling Activation Assay

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THP-1-Lucia NF-κB cells were purchased from InvivoGen. Human anti-LILRB3 antibody with the N297A mutation was coated onto the plate to activate LILRB3 signaling, and plates coated with hIgG (N297A) were used as the control. The activation of NF-κB signaling was evaluated by monitoring luciferase signal. Infected THP-1 reporter cells were cultured for an additional month before stimulation with anti-LILRB3. For the NF-κB reporter assay conducted in 293T cells, an NF-κB-driven firefly luciferase reporter plasmid co-transfected with a plasmid encoding CMV-driven Renilla luciferase along with plasmids expressing LILRB3, TRAF2, or cFLIP were transfected into cells. The luciferase activity was detected using the Dual-Luciferase® Reporter (DLR) Assay System (Promega). LILRB3 chimeric receptor reporter cells were constructed as we described68 (link)–70 (link), with LILRB3-ECD fused with the transmembrane and intracellular domains of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor β, which signals through the adaptor DAP-12 to activate the NFAT promoter.
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4

LILRB3 Signaling Activation Assay

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THP-1-Lucia NF-κB cells were purchased from InvivoGen. Human anti-LILRB3 antibody with the N297A mutation was coated onto the plate to activate LILRB3 signaling, and plates coated with hIgG (N297A) were used as the control. The activation of NF-κB signaling was evaluated by monitoring luciferase signal. Infected THP-1 reporter cells were cultured for an additional month before stimulation with anti-LILRB3. For the NF-κB reporter assay conducted in 293T cells, an NF-κB-driven firefly luciferase reporter plasmid co-transfected with a plasmid encoding CMV-driven Renilla luciferase along with plasmids expressing LILRB3, TRAF2, or cFLIP were transfected into cells. The luciferase activity was detected using the Dual-Luciferase® Reporter (DLR) Assay System (Promega). LILRB3 chimeric receptor reporter cells were constructed as we described68 (link)–70 (link), with LILRB3-ECD fused with the transmembrane and intracellular domains of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor β, which signals through the adaptor DAP-12 to activate the NFAT promoter.
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5

Cell Culture Protocols for RAW246.7 and THP1-Lucia NF-κB Cells

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RAW246.7 cells were purchased from ATCC and cultured in DMEM supplemented 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). THP1-Lucia™ NF-κB cells (NF-κB-inducible reporter monocytes) were purchased from InvivoGen (Cat# thp1-nfkb) and cultured in RPMI 1640, 2 mM l-glutamine, 25 mM HEPES, 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 100 μg/ml Normocin™, Pen-Strep (100 U/ml-100 μg/ml).
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6

Cell Culture Protocols for RAW246.7 and THP1-Lucia NF-κB Cells

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RAW246.7 cells were purchased from ATCC and cultured in DMEM supplemented 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). THP1-Lucia™ NF-κB cells (NF-κB-inducible reporter monocytes) were purchased from InvivoGen (Cat# thp1-nfkb) and cultured in RPMI 1640, 2 mM l-glutamine, 25 mM HEPES, 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 100 μg/ml Normocin™, Pen-Strep (100 U/ml-100 μg/ml).
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7

NFkB Pathway Activation Monitoring

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Cultures, THP-1-Lucia NFκB cells, stably expressing an NFκB-inducible Lucia reporter construct, purchased from InvivoGen and the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293-T (ATCC CRL-3216) were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5 % CO2 incubator. Both THP-1 cell lines were grown in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10 % heat inactivated (HI, 30 min at 56 °C) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin and split every 3-4 days (THP-1 cells: 4 x 10 6 cells/T75-flask in 20 ml, THP-1-LuciaNFκB cells: 10 x 10 6 cells/T75-flask in 20 ml). Medium of THP-1-Lucia NFκB was additionally supplemented with 100 µg/ml Normocin (InvivoGen) and every other passage with 100 µg/ml Zeocin. Activation of the NFκB-inducible Lucia reporter results in secretion of luciferase into the cell culture supernatant. HEK293-T cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing 10 % FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin.
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8

Monitoring NF-κB Pathway Modulation

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To monitor the potential induction or suppression of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway by the test substances, the NF-κB reporter gene assay was performed with THP1-Lucia™ NF-κB cells following the provider's suggestion (InvivoGen 2017) with some modifications. Through expression of the integrated Luciferase reporter construct, modifications in the activation of the NF-κB pathway can be monitored. After sub-cultivating the cells, the remaining cell suspension was centrifuged (4 min, 200×g), the supernatant was discarded and the cells were resuspended in fresh medium. Subsequently, 100,000 cells/100 µL/well were seeded into a 96-well plate and incubated with the respective substances in triplicates for 20 h. After 2 h of incubation, cells were stimulated with 1 µL of a 1 µg/mL LPS solution to mimic inflammatory conditions. A solvent control incubated with LPS for 18 h served as the positive control. Additionally, another positive control containing 200 × 10 6 heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM) per µL was measured. At the end of the incubation period, the plate was centrifuged (2 min, 200×g) and 10 µL of the supernatant was transferred into an opaque 96-well plate to determine luciferase activity. Luminescence was detected with the Cytation3 imaging reader (BioTek, USA) after the injection of 50 µL of QUANTI-Luc™.
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