Blultra prestained protein ladder

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed according to the method of [43 ] as modified by [44 ]. Seed storage proteins (total proteins) were extracted from seeds of different Vicia species. The marker of used protein was BLUltra Prestained Protein Ladder (GeneDirex, cat no. PM001-0500). In this method, 10% protein separating gel were used. Protein fractionations were performed exclusively on vertical slab gel (19.8 cm × 26.8 cm × 0.2 cm) using the electrophoresis apparatus manufactured by Cleaver, UK. The images were captured by a digital camera (Sony, Japan) and transferred directly to the computer; then, the protein bands were analysed by Total Lab programme to find out the molecular weight of each band, subsequently compare the presence and absence of the band among studied species and these data were imported in MVSP (Multi-Variant Statistical Package [45 ]) to find the similarity matrix and dendrogram (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic (UPGMA), using Jaccardʼs coefficient) which reflect the relationships among the studied species.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis technique (SDS-PAGE) was performed according to Tsugama et al.^{50 (link)} to separate the proteins based on their molecular weight. The water-soluble proteins (W.S.P.) were extracted from the leaves of common bean plants in the seedling and flowering growth stage. BLUltra Prestained Protein Ladder (GeneDirex, Cat No. PM001-0500) was used as a protein marker. The extracted proteins were electrophoresed by vertical electrophoresis (Cleaver, UK), on 12% protein separating gel.