Iris intrepid 2 xsp

The morphology and crystal structure of the as‐fabricated MoP₂ NRs were characterized using Zeiss Supra 55 SEM (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Tecnai G2 F20 S‐TWIN TEM (FEI, USA). The chemical composition of MoP₂ NRs was determined by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, which was taken on the SEM (Oxford INCA 300). The crystal phase and purity were analyzed by XRD analyses and performed on a SmartLab X‐ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) with Cu Ka irradiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The chemical composition and purity of the obtained products were analyzed by XPS and carried out using the Thermo Fisher ESCALAB 250Xi XPS (Thermo Fisher, USA). The amounts of MoP₂ in solution were quantified by ICP‐AES (IRIS Intrepid II XSP, thermo Electron Corporation, USA). The UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra were recorded on the TU‐1810 ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (Purkinje General Instrument Co. Ltd. Beijing, China).

All the reagents and solvents were commercially available and used as supplied without further purification. ICP-AES (IRIS Intrepid II XSP, Thermo Electron Corporation) was used for the analysis of metal ion concentrations. UV-Vis absorption spectra were collected by an Agilent Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer. TEM, HR-TEM and STEM images were measured using a JEOL JEM-2200FS with image Cs-corrector equipped (National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Korea). SEM images were collected by a JSM 7800F PRIME scanning electron microscope operating at 1 kV. Powder XRD patterns were obtained on a Rigaku Smartlab system equipped with a Cu sealed tube (wave length = 1.54178 Å) and a vacuumed high-temperature stage (Anton Paar TTK-450). The following conditions were used: 40 kV, 30 mA, increment = 0.01°, and scan speed = 0.3 s per step. NMR data were recorded on a Bruker DRX500 spectrometer. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were carried out using the 4C SAXS II beamline (BL) of the Pohang Light Source II (PLS II) with 3 GeV power and an X-ray beam wavelength of 0.734 Å at the Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea. The magnitude of the scattering vector, q = (4π/λ) sin θ, was 0.1 nm^–1 < q < 6.50 nm^–1, where 2θ is the scattering angle and λ is the wavelength of the X-ray beam. All scattering measurements were carried out at 25 °C.

Soil pH was determined in water (ratio 1:2.5 w/v, stirring thoroughly, and settling for 30 min before measurement) (Islam & Weil, 2000). Soil total nitrogen was determined by vario EL III Element Analyzer (Elementar, Germany). Soil organic carbon was measured by TOC Analyser SSM‐5000A (Shimadzu, Japan). Soil exchangeable cations and phosphorus were extracted by the ammonium bicarbonate‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB‐DTPA) multi‐extractant method (Soltanpour, 1985), and the concentration of exchangeable cations were determined by IRIS Intrepid II XSP (Thermo Electron, USA). Soil exchangeable phosphorus was determined by molybdenum blue colorimetry (Murphy & Riley, 1962). The method of Eivazi and Tabatabai (1977) was used to assess soil phosphatase activity. The determination of urease activity was based on the colorimetric determination of the ammonia released after incubation of soil samples with urea solution for 24 hr at 37°C (Alef & Nannipieri, 1995).

Equivalent mycelia (0.4 g) were added respectively into test tubes to achieve an identical cell concentration. Before toxicity tests, Citrate-AgNPs stock solution was diluted in 2 mM sodium bicarbonate buffer to obtain different concentrations. Aqueous Citrate-AgNPs and sulfide were mixed and equilibrate with P. chrysosporium in order to begin the toxicity test. After 12 h, mycelia were centrifugation to remove residual AgNPs and Ag⁺.
Cell viability assays were operated according to Luo et al. and Chen et al.54 (link)55 , 0.2 g P. chrysosporium pellets were mixed with 1 mL MTT solution (5 g/l) and incubated at 50 °C for 1 h. The reaction was stopped by adding 0.5 mL hydrochloric acid (1 M) to the mixture. The mixture was centrifuged (10,000 × g, 5 min), the supernatant was discarded, and the pellets were agitated in 6 ml propan-2-ol for 2 h at 25 °C. The centrifugation process was repeated and the absorbance of the supernatant was recorded at 534 nm using spectrophotometer (Model UV-2550, Shimadzu, Japan).
For Ag⁺ testes, the solution was ultrafiltration centrifuged at 10000 × g. The Ag⁺ concentration of filtrate was then determined using ICP-OES (IRIS Intrepid II XSP, Thermo Electron Corporation, USA)

The TEM images were acquired on the JEOL JEM-2010 TEM at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and AFM was performed on an MFP-3D-S AFM (Asylum Research, USA) using the tapping mode in air (NanoSensors SSS-NCH probe with the tip radius as small as 2 nm). The BP concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (IRIS Intrepid II XSP, thermo Electron Corporation, USA). The SEM images were obtained on the field-emission SEM (NOVA NANOSEM430, FEI, Netherlands) at 5–10 kV after gold coating for 120s (EM-SCD500, Leica, Germany). The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was conducted on the Oxford INCA 300 equipped on the SEM. The Raman scattering was performed on the Horiba Jobin-Yvon Lab Ram HR VIS high-resolution confocal Raman microscope with the 633 nm laser as the excitation source. The ultraviolet–visible-NIR absorption spectra were acquired on a TU-1810 ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (Purkinje General Instrument Co. Ltd. Beijing, China) using QS-grade quartz cuvettes at room temperature.