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Gemini gxl 16

Manufactured by Philips
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The Gemini GXL 16 is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for a range of applications. It features a compact and versatile design to accommodate various experimental setups. The core function of the Gemini GXL 16 is to provide a stable and reliable platform for conducting scientific research and analysis.

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19 protocols using gemini gxl 16

1

Synthesis and Application of 11C-β-CFT PET Tracer

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11C-β-CFT, used as the DAT radioligand for PET tracer, was synthesized at Department of Nuclear Medicine, PLA General Hospital. 11C-β-CFT was prepared by reaction of [11C] methyl triflate with the N-desmethyl precursor, nor-P-CFT (RBI, Natick, MA, USA).[8 (link)9 (link)] A high-resolution PET/CT scanner (DaTSCAN; GEMINI GXL-16, Philips, The Netherlands) was used for each patient at Nuclear Medicine Center of the Second Hospital of Armed Police Beijing Office. Anti-parkinsonism drugs must not be taken at least 12 h before PET, and DAT agonists 72 h before the PET. The head of the caudate and putamen on the two consecutive planes with best articulation were selected to be the regions of interest (ROIs) on bilateral hemispheres. The average of 11C-β-CFT concentrations of ROIs was calculated. Striatal asymmetry index (SAI) was used to describe the asymmetry of the radioactivity uptake in the bilateral striatum. SAI = (RISPRCON)/[(RISP + RCON)/2] ×100%. RISP and RCON represent the uptake value of DAT tracer in the striatum ipsilateral or contralateral to the clinically affected body side, respectively.[7 (link)8 (link)] PD was diagnosed if SAI existed.
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2

Breast Cancer Prognostic Evaluation with 18F-FDG PET

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Whole-body 18F-FDG PET examinations with a CT scanner (Gemini GXL16; Philips Medical Systems, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) were performed at Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital. As described in a previous study [25 (link)], 4.0 MBq/kg body weight of 18F-FDG was used for PET and the scanning image was obtained approximately 60 min after the injection. The SUV was calculated as the regional radioactivity concentration (Bq/mL)/[injected dose (Bq)/patient’s weight (g)] in the most intense area of 18F-FDG accumulation (a region of interest: ROI) and the peak SUV in the pixel with the highest count within the ROI was defined as the SUVmax. The cutoff value for SUVmax-high and -low was set at 3.585, which was determined in our previous study to identify relapse-free survival in 387 breast cancer patients, including the cases in the current study [7 (link)].
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3

Functional Brain Imaging in Hemichorea

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Brain PET/CT scans were performed within 1 week after admission (41 days after onset of hemichorea in patient 1, and 9 days after onset of hemichorea in patient 2) when the patients were at the peak stage of symptoms, accompanied with chorea. 18F-FDG PET images were acquired with a PET/CT system Gemini GXL 16 (Royal Philips Electronics, The Netherlands) without sedation. Patients fasted for at least 8 h before PET imaging, which started with non-enhanced, low-dose CT imaging about 45 min after intravenous injection of 18F-FDG (5.18MBq/kg). PET imaging was performed immediately after CT imaging for about 10 min. Transversal PET slices were reconstructed by means of CT-based attenuation correction using an iterative algorithm. Moreover, individual statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis (compared to ten age-matched normal controls, p < 0.01; voxel threshold: 50 voxels) was performed to detect the regional glucose metabolism by means of SPM5 (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, University College London).
The cerebral 11C–labeled-2-[beta]-carbomethoxy-3-b-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) PET imaging of the dopamine transporter (DAT) was also performed on another day for evaluating the integrity of the brain dopamine system.
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4

Minimizing Myocardial FDG Uptake for PET

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To minimize physiological FDG myocardial uptake, all patients were asked to observe a very low carbohydrate, high protein and high fat diet the day before PET imaging and then to fast overnight on the day before imaging. Pre-scan glucose levels were lower than 120 mg/dl in all patients. PET/CT imaging was performed with a dedicated 3D PET/CT scanner (Gemini GXL 16, Philips) 2 h after the intravenous administration of 3 MBq/Kg body weight of FDG. This protocol represents the best compromise between ALARA principle, low blood pool background signal and an acceptable duration of PET imaging [8 (link)], although FDG dose is lower than that used in previous studies [6 (link), 21 (link)]. Imaging protocol included a scout followed by non-contrast-enhanced CT scan of thorax (100 kV and 50 mA) for attenuation correction and anatomical localization. PET imaging of the heart was then performed in list-mode for 15 min with cardiac gating. Patients were instructed to breathe normally during both CT and PET. After dead time, scatter, random and decay correction, PET data were reconstructed using an iterative algorithm based on the row-action maximum-likelihood algorithm (3D-RAMLA) with and without attenuation correction.
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5

FDG-PET/CT Imaging of Breast Cancer Patients

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FDG-PET/CT was performed using a Gemini GXL16 or Gemini TF64 PET/CT scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) following injection of 4.0 or 3.0 MBq/kg body weight FDG for the GXL16 and TF64, respectively. Scanning images were obtained approximately 60 min after injection, as described previously.20 (link) The 194 patients underwent FDG-PET/CT examination before starting PSC, of whom 69 (70 breast cancers) underwent a repeat FDG-PET/CT examination after starting chemotherapy. We obtained FDG-PET/CT data after one cycle of PSC (2–3 weeks after the start of chemotherapy), except for one patient whose data were obtained after two cycles (electronic supplementary data).
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6

Standardized 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Protocol

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18F-FDG PET/CT scans were conducted using PHILIPS GEMINI GXL16 and PHILIPS Vereos scanners. Before the scans, patients had a fasting period of at least 6 h, and their blood glucose levels were required to be < 11.1 mmol/L. The PET/CT scans covered the entire body from the base of the skull to the upper thigh. The scans were performed approximately 60 ± 5 min after intravenous injection of 3.7–5.55 MBq/kg 18F-FDG. CT acquisition data were used to correct for attenuation. The details of PET/CT image acquisition parameters are displayed in Additional file 1: Table s1.
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7

PET/CT Imaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection

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Imaging and analysis were performed as recently reported in detail by our group. 19 (link) All acquisitions were performed using a dedicated PET/CT scanner (Gemini GXL 16; Philips, Da Best, The Netherlands and Gemini TF 16, Philips Medical Systems, The Netherlands). A lesion was considered positive or not for HCC based on whether the tracer uptake in the tumor was or was not significantly higher than that in the surrounding noncancerous liver tissue, respectively. PET/CT images were classified by two physicians specializing in nuclear medicine attending the tumor board meeting.
As for the semi-quantitative analysis, a 3D region of interest was manually drawn over the tumor and over the surrounding noncancerous liver parenchyma to assess the maximum standardized uptake value of the tumor and the surrounding noncancerous liver tissue. The tumor-to-non-tumor ratio of the maximum standardized uptake values was also assessed.
For patients with multiple tumors as determined by preoperative CT and MRI, those with at least one tumor where the tracer uptake in the tumor was significantly higher than that in the surrounding noncancerous liver parenchyma were considered as having a positive PET/CT status.
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8

Multi-Detector CT Knee Imaging Protocol

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Three months after surgery all patients underwent a 16 slice multidetector CT scan of the affected knee (Gemini GXL 16, Philips Medical Systems, Eindhoven, NL). Each CT scan generated 350 primary images. 120 KV and 80 mAs were applied and the thickness of the slices was 1 mm. FOV of 20 cm and reconstruction matrix of 512 x 512 yielded an in plane resolution of 0.4 mm. Reconstruction involved a soft tissue and a high resolution bone algorithm, furthermore a 3D surface rendering and multiplanar reformatting in the coronal and sagittal plane. The DICOM datasets were analyzed in Osirix v.5.6. using multiplanar reformatting perpendicular to the individual axis of the drilled channel.
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9

CT Scanning Protocols Across Platforms

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The CT scans were performed on various CT scanner models from multiple institutions, including GE LightSpeed Plus, GE Discovery ST, Toshiba Aquilion One, Toshiba Aquilion, Philips GeminiGXL 16, Philips Brilliance Big Bore, and TomoTherapy Incorporated Hi-Art. CT scans were diagnostic quality, using 120-140 kVp energy, slice thickness of 1-5 mm, and pixel spacing of 0.3-2.7 mm.
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10

18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Protocol for Metabolic Assessment

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All patients were requested to fast for at least 6 h before tracer injection with a serum glucose level of <11.1 mmol/L. 18F-FDG (JYAMS PET Research and Development Limited, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China) was intravenously injected at a dose of 5.2 MBq (±10%) per kilogram of body weight. After sitting still for 50 to 90 min, the patients were instructed to drink 600 to 1000 mL of water to achieve gastric distension and were scanned in the supine position with breathing at rest.
The 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed using a 16-slice hybrid PET/CT scanner (Gemini GXL16, Philips Medical System, Cleveland, OH, USA). An unenhanced CT scan from the skull base to the upper thigh was performed for attenuation correction (CT scanning parameters: 50 mA, 120 kV, 5 mm section thickness, 5 mm increment, and a pitch of 0.813). A three-dimensional PET scan of the same region was subsequently acquired (8–9 fields of view, 70 s per field). Then, the PET images were reconstructed in a 144 × 144 matrix with a voxel size of 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm and a slice thickness of 4 mm by a line-of-response algorithm. CT images were reconstructed to a 512 × 512 matrix with a pixel size of 1.17 mm × 1.17 mm. The attenuation-corrected PET/CT fusion images on three orthogonal (transaxial, coronal, and sagittal) planes were reviewed.
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