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4 protocols using rabbit anti gsk 3β

1

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Cultivated cells were harvested and lysed using lysis buffer [1% (v/v) Triton X-100, 200 mM HEPES (pH 7.9), 300 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 10 mM EDTA, 10 µg/ml aprotinin, 100 µg/ml leupeptin, and 10 µM PMSF]. Twenty micrograms of total protein lysate was electrophoresed in an acrylamide gel and transferred to a TransBlot® membrane (162–0145, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Membranes were blocked in 5% (w/v) milk, incubated with primary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed and incubated for 1 h with the appropriate HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (sc-2004 and sc2005, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The blots were washed in PBS containing 0.05% (v/v) Tween-20® (P1379, Sigma-Aldrich Korea) and an ECL kit (34080, Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) was used prior to detection of protein bands. The antibodies used were: rabbit anti-prohibitin (sc-28259, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), rabbit anti-β-catenin (sc-7199, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), rabbit anti-GSK-3β (sc-9166, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), rabbit anti-p-GSK-3β (sc-11757-R, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), mouse anti-c-Myc (sc-40, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), and mouse anti-β-actin monoclonal (sc-8432, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) to determine equal loading.
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2

Hippocampal Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Hippocampi were dissected on ice and either immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen or processed as previously described [27 (link)]. Briefly, hippocampi were homogenized in RIPA buffer (10 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.4, 5 mM EDTA, 1% NP-40, 1% sodium deoxycholate, and 1% SDS) supplemented with a protease inhibitor mixture (1 mM PMSF, 2 μg/mL aprotinin, 1 μg/mL pepstatin, and 10 μg/mL benzamidine) and phosphatase inhibitors (25 mM NaF, 100 mM Na3VO4, 1 mM EDTA, and 30 μM Na4P2O7), maintained on ice for 30 min before centrifugation at 20,000 g for 15 min at 4°C. Protein concentration in supernatants was determined using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce). Proteins were resolved in 10% SDS/PAGE, transferred to a PVDF membrane, reacted with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C, and then incubated with peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Pierce) and developed using the ECL technique (Western Lightning Plus ECL, PerkinElmer). Primary antibodies used were mouse anti-β-catenin, rabbit anti-GSK-3β, goat anti-NeuroD1, rabbit anti-β-tubulin (all from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), and rabbit anti-GSK-3β pSer9 (Cell Signalling).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Total cell extracts were separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA). After blocking, blots were developed with a series of antibodies as indicated. Rabbit antibodies specific for mouse and human caspase-2, -3, -8, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA), Bid, and tBid (Oncogene, San Diego, CA) were used. Monoclonal antibodies against β-actin and LAMP-1 (Sigma-Aldrich) and rabbit antibodies against mouse and human cathepsin D, Mcl-1, and COX IV (Cell Signaling Technology) and rabbit anti- GSK-3β (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were used. Finally, blots were hybridized with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG or anti-mouse IgG (Calbiochem) and developed using enhanced chemiluminescence (Pierce, Rockford, IL).
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4

Immunoblotting of Neuronal Signaling Proteins

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Neurons at 14 DIV were seeded at 400,000 cells/well and treated with 1 μM Mas-7 and were lysed on ice and immediately processed. Immunoblotting was performed as described [16 (link)]. The primary antibodies used included mouse anti-CaMKIIα (sc-5306, 1 : 1000), mouse anti-phospho-Tyr286-CaMKIIα (sc-32289, 1 : 1000), rabbit anti-PKCβII (sc-210, 1 : 1000), rabbit anti-β-tubulin (sc-9104, 1 : 1000), mouse anti-GAPDH (sc-32233, 1 : 5000), and rabbit anti-GSK-3β (sc-9166, 1 : 1000) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA); rabbit anti-JNK (#9252, 1 : 1000), rabbit anti-phospho-Thr183/Tyr185-JNK (#4668, 1 : 1000), and rabbit anti-phospho-Ser9-GSK-3β (#9336, 1 : 1000) from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA); rabbit anti-phospho-Ser660-PKCβII (ab75837, 1 : 10000) and rabbit anti-Gαo (ab136535, 1 : 5000) from Abcam (Cambridge, MA); mouse anti-PSD-95 (k28/43, 1 : 1000) from UC Davis/NIH NeuroMab Facility; and mouse anti-β-actin (11978, 1 : 10000) from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Equal amounts of protein were loaded (20 μg).
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