Titanium diisopropoxide

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Titanium diisopropoxide is a chemical compound used as a precursor in various industrial and laboratory applications. It is a clear, colorless liquid that serves as a source of titanium. The compound is commonly used in thin-film deposition processes, such as chemical vapor deposition, for the formation of titanium-based materials.

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4 protocols using titanium diisopropoxide

Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cell Devices

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PbI₂ (99.99%) was purchased from TCI America. MAI (>99%), BAI (> 99%), and TiO₂ paste (30 NR-D) were purchased from Greatcell Solar. DMF (>99.8%), ACN (>99.8%), THF (>99.8%), and IPA (>99.8%) were purchased from Acros Organics. Acetyl Acetone (>99%), titanium diisopropoxide (75 wt. % in isopropanol), Spiro-OMeTAD (>99%), Li-TFSI (99.95%), t-BP (98%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Acetone, ethanol and other solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Solar cell substrates are pre-patterned fluorine-doped tin-oxide-coated (FTO) glass (<15 Ω/square) obtained from Yingkou Advanced Election Technology Co., Ltd. The CIFs we employed for this study were downloaded from CCDC. Their reference numbers are:
(CH3-PA)₂PbI₄: CCDC 665689 [10.5517/ccqbpvk]
(COOH–PA)₂PbI₄: CCDC 267398 [10.5517/cc8z7r6],
(OH–PA)₂PbI₄: CCDC 746125 [10.5517/cct1dks],
(CN–EA)₂PbI₄: CCDC 705087 [10.5517/ccrnprt]
(PEA)₂PbI₄: CCDC 1841681 [10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1ztf29],
(BDA)PbI₄: CCDC 1053651 [10.5517/cc14cdrn]
(NAPH)₂PbI₄: CCDC 1840803 [10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1zshr0].

Zhao X., Ball M.L., Kakekhani A., Liu T., Rappe A.M, & Loo Y.L. (2022). A charge transfer framework that describes supramolecular interactions governing structure and properties of 2D perovskites. Nature Communications, 13, 3970.

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Synthesis of Titanium-Based Nanomaterials

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Ammonium phosphate, titanium diisopropoxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, absolute ethanol and urea were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, all were high purity reagents.

Zaki A.H., Shalan A.E., El-Shafeay A., Gadelhak Y.M., Ahmed E., Abdel-Salam M.O., Sobhi M, & El-dek S.I. (2020). Acceleration of ammonium phosphate hydrolysis using TiO2 microspheres as a catalyst for hydrogen production. Nanoscale Advances, 2(5), 2080-2086.

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Synthesis of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

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The
following materials
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: titanium(IV) isopropoxide (≥97%),
cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (98%), trimesic acid (95%), methyl
alcohol (99.8%), ethyl alcohol (99.9%), 2-methoxyethanol (99.8%),
α-terpineol, ethyl cellulose, lead(II) iodide (99.999%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF; anhydrous,
99.8%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; anhydrous, ≥99.9%), titanium
diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetone) (75% in 1-butanol), 4-tert-butylpyridine (96%), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide lithium salt
(LI-TSFI; 99.95%), 2-propanol (99.5%), chlorobenzene (99.8%), acetonitrile
(99.93%), and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene
(99%) (spiro-OMeTAD). Formamidinium iodide (FAI), methylammonium bromide
(MABr), methylammonium hydrochloride (MAHCl), and titanium nanoparticle
paste (18NR-T) were procured from Great Cell Solar Co.

Nguyen T.M, & Bark C.W. (2020). Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped TiO2 Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks as an Effective Electron Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Omega, 5(5), 2280-2286.

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Synthesis of Rb-Cs-FA-PbI3 Perovskite

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For the synthesis of the Rb_0.05Cs_0.1FA_0.85PbI₃ perovskite, the following materials were used: lead (II) iodide (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, St. Louis, MO, USA), formamidinium iodide (FAI) (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%, St. Louis, MO, USA), cesium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%, St. Louis, MO, USA), rubidium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%, St. Louis, MO, USA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (Merck, p.a., Darmstadt, Germany), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Merck, p.a., Darmstadt, Germany), chlorobenzene (Merck, p.a., Darmstadt, Germany).
15 × 15 mm indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates (Lumtech, ρ ~15 Ω/sq, CA, USA) were used as substrate and transparent front electrode. For the synthesis of the TiO₂ ETL titanium diisopropoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, St. Louis, MO, USA), acetylacetonate (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, St. Louis, MO, USA) and ethanol (Merck, p.a., Darmstadt, Germany) were used. For the preparation of the spiro-OMeTAD HTL, spiro-OMeTAD (Merck, ≥99%, Darmstadt, Germany), 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, St. Louis, MO, USA), FK209 (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, St. Louis, MO, USA), bis-(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, St. Louis, MO, USA) and acetonitrile (Merck, p.a., Darmstadt, Germany) were used.

Stanić D., Kojić V., Čižmar T., Juraić K., Bagladi L., Mangalam J., Rath T, & Gajović A. (2021). Simulating the Performance of a Formamidinium Based Mixed Cation Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cell. Materials, 14(21), 6341.

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