12 hepe

Highly purified EPA (purity: 98%) ethyl ester was provided by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., which is used in animal and clinical studies^{27 (link)}. EPA metabolites (5-HEPE, 12-HEPE, 15-HEPE, 17(18)-EpETE and prostaglandin D3) were purchased from Cayman chemical. Inhibitors for EPA metabolism (Zileuton, Etodolac and Baicalein) and PSN375963 and TUG-891 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. GPR119 antagonist TM43718 was purchased as E897-0145 from ChemDiv (San Diego, CA, USA).

Radioactive arachidonoyl ethanolamide[1-³H] ([³H]-AEA) was obtained from American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc (St Louis, MO, USA). (R)(-)-Flurbiprofen and (S)(+)-Flurbiprofen were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, Texas, USA). Ovine COX-1 (cat. no. 60100), human recombinant COX-2 (cat. no. 60122), COX-2 polyclonal antibody (rabbit anti-mouse, cat #: 160106), arachidonic acid, 2-AG, AEA and URB597 (cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3′-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester) were purchased from the Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Substrates were dissolved in ethanol or DMSO as appropriate. Polyclonal goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin/HRP was obtained from Dako (Glostrup, Denmark). Protease inhibitor cocktail set III was obtained from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). For the lipid quantification experiments, the following native and deuterated standards were purchased from the Cayman Chemical Co.: AEA, 2-AG, PEA, OEA, DEA, LEA, SEA, 2-LG, AEA-d⁸, 2-AG-d⁸, PEA-d⁴, SEA-d³, OEA-d⁴, PGF_2α, PGE₂, TXB₂, PGD₂, 12(13)-EpOME, 9(10)-DiHOME, 12(13)-DiHOME, 11-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 12-HEPE, 12-[[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino]-dodecanoic acid (CUDA), 12(13)-DiHOME-d⁴, 12(13)-EpOME-d⁴, 9-HODE-d⁴, PGE₂-d⁴ and PGD₂-d⁴. 9,10,13-TriHOME and 9,12,13-TriHOME were obtained from Larodan (Sweden, Malmö). For list of lipid abbreviations, see S1 Table.