17α ethinylestradiol ee2

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in France, United States

17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen compound commonly used as a laboratory reference standard. It serves as a key ingredient in various research and analytical applications. The core function of EE2 is to provide a consistent and reliable reference material for comparative studies, assay development, and other scientific investigations.

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17α-ethinylestradiol (22 citations)

7 protocols using 17α ethinylestradiol ee2

Organic Solvents and Steroid Hormones

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High-purity organic solvents, methanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). 17β-estradiol (E₂, CAS # 50–28-2, > 98% purity), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂, CAS # 57–63-6, > 98% purity), testosterone (T, CAS # 58–22-0, >98% purity) and 5α-dihidrotestosterone (DHT, CAS # 521–18-6, >98% purity) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Cell kits, reagents and media for in vitro cell bioassays were obtained from Life Technologies-Thermo Scientifics.

González A., Kroll K.J., Silva-Sanchez C., Carriquiriborde P., Fernandino J.I., Denslow N.D, & Somoza G.M. (2020). Steroid Hormones and Estrogenic Activity in the Wastewater Outfall and Receiving Waters of the Chascomús Chained Shallow Lakes System (Argentina). The Science of the total environment, 743, 140401.

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HPTLC Analysis of Estrogenic Compounds

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Both 17β-estradiol (E2, CAS: 50-28-2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2, CAS: 57-63-6), used as model estrogenic reference compounds, were of the highest analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Stock solutions of the reference compounds (5 mg/mL) were prepared in ethanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on silica gel HPTLC plates of type 60G F254 (20 × 10 cm or 10 × 10 cm) purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPTLC solvents were of the highest analytical grade and were purchased from Merck.

Abu-Rmailah N., Moscovici L., Riegraf C., Atias H., Buchinger S., Reifferscheid G, & Belkin S. (2024). Enhanced Detection of Estrogen-like Compounds by Genetically Engineered Yeast Sensor Strains. Biosensors, 14(4), 193.

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Analytical Standards for Environmental Contaminants

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Pure standards (>98%) of ketoprofen (KET), ibuprofen (IBU), bezafibrate (BF), triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), chloramphenicol (CAL), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), acetaminophen (ACE), atenolol (ATE), tetracycline (TCN), diclofenac salt (DIC), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Aston Manor, South Africa). In addition, ¹³C₃-caffeine (employed as the isotopically labelled surrogate standard), norfloxacin-d5 (internal standard), and 17β-estradiol ¹³C₃ (internal standard) were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Aston Manor, South Africa). Acetone (HPLC grade), LC-MS grade water and methanol (99% purity), formic acid (99% purity), ammonium acetate, and ammonium hydroxide were also all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Aston Manor, South Africa). Whatman glass fibre filter paper (pore size 0.7 μm) and SPE cartridges Oasis HLB (500 mg, 12 mL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Aston Manor, South Africa).

Kanama K.M., Daso A.P., Mpenyana-Monyatsi L, & Coetzee M.A. (2018). Assessment of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Hormones in Wastewater Treatment Plants Receiving Inflows from Health Facilities in North West Province, South Africa. Journal of Toxicology, 2018, 3751930.

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Chemical Compound Acquisition for Experimental Research

Cited 1 time

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DMSO, rifampicin, T0901317, SR12813, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and trans-nonachlor were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. SPA70, SJB7, and SJC2 were obtained from WuXi AppTec [16 (link)]. All oligonucleotides were from Integrated DNA Technologies and are presented in Supplementary Table 2.

Huber A.D., Wright W.C., Lin W., Majumder K., Low J.A., Wu J., Buchman C.D., Pintel D.J, & Chen T. (2020). Mutation of a single amino acid of pregnane X receptor switches an antagonist to agonist by altering AF-2 helix positioning. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 78(1), 317-335.

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Extraction and Quantification of Estrogens

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Standard estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol (HPLC grade) was obtained from Tedia, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) was supplied by Merck. Pure water was obtained through the Milli-pore equipment. The KMnO₄ and sodium thiosulfate were commercially available analytical-grade products.

Deng J., Tang K., Zhu S., Ma X., Zhang K., Song Y., Li X., Li Q., Liu Z, & Zhou K. (2015). Competitive Degradation of Steroid Estrogens by Potassium Permanganate Combined with Ultrasound. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(12), 15434-15448.

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Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Residues

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Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), ofloxacin (OFL), and the synthetic hormone 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Quentin-Fallavier, France), with a purity of >95%. To evaluate the extraction efficiency of these compounds from the HRC tissue and liquid medium, the deuterated labeled compounds sulfamethoxazole-d₄ (SMX-d₄), trimethoprim-d₃ (TMP-d₃), and ofloxacin-d₃ (OFL-d₃) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Quentin-Fallavier, France) and used as internal standards at a final concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), and formic acid (HCOOH) were all HPLC grade (purity > 98.0%) and were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents S.A.S (Val de Reuil, France). Milli-Q water from a Milli-Q Advantage A10 system (Sigma-Aldrich, St Quentin-Fallavier, France) was used when ultrapure water was required. All individual standard solutions and their stock mixtures were prepared with 100% (v/v) MeOH at a concentration of 1000 mg/L.

Alderete L.S., Sauvêtre A., Chiron S, & Tadić Đ. (2023). Investigating the Transformation Products of Selected Antibiotics and 17 α-Ethinylestradiol under Three In Vitro Biotransformation Models for Anticipating Their Relevance in Bioaugmented Constructed Wetlands. Toxics, 11(6), 508.

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Preparation of EE2 Stock Solution

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17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2, ≥98%, CAS 57-63-6) and sodium bicarbonate (CAS 144-55-8) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, US). The test chemical was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and stored in the dark at -20 o C until use.

Hultman M.T., Song Y, & Tollefsen K.E. (2015). 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) effect on global gene expression in primary rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 169.

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