Arterial blood (0.3 ml) was sampled from three rats in each group of the four anesthetized groups via inserting 24-gauge polyethylene catheters (IntroCan®-W, B/Braun) through the abdominal aorta. Insertion was conducted using a dissecting microscope (PS100, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Rats in the mechanical ventilation groups were ventilated constantly to insure proper anesthesia depth when exposing the abdominal aorta. In the spontaneously breathing groups, the membrane sealed hole was opened and the rats body was pulled outside the chamber for arterial blood pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis. The rats head was kept within the chamber throughout the procedure, and the voids around the head were sealed with a membrane. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was detected with a measuring instrument (M3046A, Philips, Boeblingen, Germany). Blood samples were immediately analyzed to determine pH, arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood glucose values (GEM Premier 3000, Bedford, MA, USA). Rats in the control group were anesthetized with ketamine for blood gas measurement (10 mg⋅kg−1, i.p. injection; Fujian, China, n = 3).
Introcan w
Manufactured by B. Braun
Sourced in Portugal, Germany, United States
The Introcan-W is a sterile, single-use intravenous (IV) catheter designed for peripheral venous access. It features a transparent, flexible polyurethane catheter with a fixed wing design for secure placement. The catheter is available in various sizes to accommodate different patient needs.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ps100, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Calmivet, by Vetoquinol (1 mentions)
Propofol lipuro, by B. Braun (1 mentions)
Vetflurane, by Virbac (1 mentions)
5 0 prolene suture, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Mersilk, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Ketalar, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Xylazine hydrochloride, by Alfasan (1 mentions)
4 protocols using introcan w
1
Arterial Blood Sampling in Anesthetized Rats
2
Anesthesia Protocol for Canine Surgical Procedures
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Before surgery, a 25 mm, 22-gauge catheter (Introcan-W; B. Braun, Lisbon; Portugal) was placed in the cephalic vein for drug administration and collection of blood samples. Peripheral venous blood and salivary samples were collected one hour before induction of anesthesia to obtain pre-operative samples (baseline values).
The anesthesia protocol was the same for both groups. The dogs were premedicated with 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine (Calmivet; Vetoquinol; Lisbon, Portugal) and 5 mg/kg intravenous tramadol (Tramadol; Labesfal; Lisbon, Portugal). Anesthesia was induced with 4 mg/kg intravenous propofol (Propofol Lipuro; B. Braun; Lisbon, Portugal) and maintained with isoflurane (Vetflurane; Virbac; Portugal) in 100% oxygen (100% Medicinal Oxigen; Conoxia; Lisbon, Portugal) delivered through a non-rebreathing circuit. The dogs were closely monitored during the surgical procedure with pulse oximetry, electrocardiography, non-invasive blood pressure, capnography, and temperature.
The anesthesia protocol was the same for both groups. The dogs were premedicated with 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine (Calmivet; Vetoquinol; Lisbon, Portugal) and 5 mg/kg intravenous tramadol (Tramadol; Labesfal; Lisbon, Portugal). Anesthesia was induced with 4 mg/kg intravenous propofol (Propofol Lipuro; B. Braun; Lisbon, Portugal) and maintained with isoflurane (Vetflurane; Virbac; Portugal) in 100% oxygen (100% Medicinal Oxigen; Conoxia; Lisbon, Portugal) delivered through a non-rebreathing circuit. The dogs were closely monitored during the surgical procedure with pulse oximetry, electrocardiography, non-invasive blood pressure, capnography, and temperature.
3
Mechanical Ventilation Rat Anesthesia
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Rats in the mechanically ventilated groups were induced with 2% isoflurane (IM group) or 3% sevoflurane (SM group) in a special induction box. After successful induction, the anterior part of rats was lightened and the rats were orotracheally intubated with a 20-gauge catheter (IntroCan®-W, B/Braun, Melsungen, Germany) under direct visualization of the glottis. Then the catheter was then connected to the anesthesia ventilator and animals were treated for 4 hours with either 1.7% isoflurane or 2.4% sevoflurane under a volume controlled mode (VT: 5ml, rate: 35 times/minute, I:E = 1∶2). Ventilation parameters were determined in pilot studies in which the blood gases were kept within the normal physiological ranges. Mixed gases were administered at a flow rate of 2 L/min. Rectal temperature was maintained at 36.5±0.5°C and any mortality and time of death were recorded during experiments.
4
Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
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According to previous experimental studies, [10] (link) AP was induced by retrograde infusion of sodium taurocholate into the common bile duct with surgical techniques. Anesthesia was induced via intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar; Pfizer, Inc., NY, NY, USA) and 10 mg xylazine hydrochloride (2%, 20 mg/mL; Alfasan International B.V., Woerden, The Netherlands). All groups underwent median laparotomy to manipulate the duodenum and common biliopancreatic duct (BPD). In Groups 2 and 3, the duodenal wall was punctured at anti-mesenteric side with 24-G catheter (Introcan-W; B. Braun Medical, Inc., Bethlehem, PA, USA), and catheter was advanced into the common BPD. Leakage of sodium taurocholate was prevented by temporary ligature of the proximal bile duct with 4/0 silk (Mersilk; Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA), while the distal bile duct was occluded with microvessel clip. Sodium taurocholate 5% (0.15 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich, Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA) was infused into the common BPD via catheter. After infusion, microvessel clip, injection needle, and silk ligature were removed, reconstituting physiological flow of bile. Puncture site at the duodenal wall was closed with 5/0 Prolene suture (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA), and the abdomen was closed with 3/0 silk.
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