Once a patient was diagnosed with Ph+ ALL (days 8 to 15 of induction therapy), imatinib mesylate (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) was initiated at a dose of 260 to 340 mg/m 2 /d. For patients who failed the treatment [14] , were diagnosed with central nervous system leukemia (CNSL), or were imatinib resistant, a second-generation TKI, dasatinib (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mount Vernon, America), was administered as a replacement at an initial dose of 50 mg/m 2 /d, if the patient had no dasatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutations, such as T315I, V299L, T315A, and F317L/V/I/C.
TKIs were continuously administered during induction, consolidation, and maintenance treatment for patients in the nontransplant cohort and were administered until initiation of the conditioning regimen of transplantation for patients in the transplant cohort. TKI administration after transplantation has been reported in previous literature [12, 15, 16] . TKIs were continuously administered for at least 12 months after HSCT. If grades III to IV myelosuppression or grades III to IV nonhematologic adverse reactions occurred during the use of TKIs, TKIs were suspended or the dose was reduced as necessary and then resumed on recovery.
TKIs were continuously administered during induction, consolidation, and maintenance treatment for patients in the nontransplant cohort and were administered until initiation of the conditioning regimen of transplantation for patients in the transplant cohort. TKI administration after transplantation has been reported in previous literature [12, 15, 16] . TKIs were continuously administered for at least 12 months after HSCT. If grades III to IV myelosuppression or grades III to IV nonhematologic adverse reactions occurred during the use of TKIs, TKIs were suspended or the dose was reduced as necessary and then resumed on recovery.