Salvianolic acid b

Rosmarinic acid and the 7-O-glucoside derivatives of apigenin, luteolin, eriodyctiol, quinic acid, caffeic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-hydroxybenzoic acid, salvianolic acid B, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and 4-O-coumaric acid were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Trolox, sulforhodamine B (SRB), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, acetic acid, ellipticine, trypan blue, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Tris, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), carnosol, nisin, ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co (St Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), penicillin/streptomycin solution (100 U/mL and 100 mg/mL, respectively), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were from Hyclone (Logan, Utah, UT, USA). The Griess reagent system was purchased from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI, USA). Mueller-Hinton agar was from VWR (Prolabo Chemicals, USA); formic acid and ethanol was from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). n-Hexane, methanol, and acetonitrile were purchased from Lab-Scan (Lisbon, Portugal). Purified water was obtained from a Direct-Q^® water purification system (Merck Life Science, Darmstadt, Germany).

HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile and Folin–Ciocalteau’s reagent were supplied from POCh (Gliwice, Poland). Nitrotetrazolinum blue chloride (NBT), phenazine methosulfate, NADH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), potassium persulfate, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), FeCl₃, 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and linoleic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich/Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was supplied from Supleco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). HPLC grade reference standards of salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid F were supplied from ChemFaces (Hubei, China), caffeic acid and luteolin from Sigma Aldrich/Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid (RA) from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).

Lyophilized shoots of D. forrestii (100 mg amounts) were extracted with 80% methanol by sonification (UD-20 ultrasonic disintegrator). The extraction is described in more detail by Weremczuk-Jeżyna et al. [18 (link)].
The plant material was subjected to quantitative HPLC analysis as described by Weremczuk-Jeżyna et al. [18 (link)]. The HPLC system consisted of a diode array detector (Waters 2998), a binary HPLC pump (Waters 2545), and an autosampler (Waters 2767). Separations were carried out on an XBridge C18 OBD column. The mobile phase (A) consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in the water, with mobile phase B consisting of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.6 mL/min. UV spectra were recorded at 190–700 nm and chromatograms were acquired at 325 nm. The phenolic compounds were identified by comparing their UV spectra and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or literature data [18 (link)]. Phenolic standards such as rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), and salvianolic acid B was purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Compounds for which pure standards were not available were quantified according to the calibration curve of similar standards.