Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Manufactured by Abbott

Sourced in United States

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and quantify specific proteins or other molecules in a sample. It is a sensitive and specific method that utilizes antibodies and color changes to measure the presence and amount of a target substance.

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Lab products found in correlation

Analox glucose analyzer, by Analox Instruments (1 mentions) Realtime hcv genotype 2, by Abbott (1 mentions) Realtime hcv, by Abbott (1 mentions) Abi 3730 sequencer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Bigdye terminator version 3.1 cycle sequencing kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Elecsys hbsag 2 quant assay, by Roche (1 mentions) Cobas taqman assay, by Roche (1 mentions) Realtime hbv assay, by Abbott (1 mentions)

8 protocols using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Blood Donation Screening Practices

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According to the Brazilian legislation,² screening was performed at this blood bank for: hepatitis B, with HBsAg (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, Abbott), anti-HBc IgG or IgG + IgM (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, Abbott), and nucleic acid test (NAT) (Biomanguinhos, introduced in January/2016); hepatitis C, with HCV antibody test (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay Abbott) and NAT (Biomanguinhos, introduced in January/2013); HIV, with Anti-HIV1/2 or anti-HIV 1/2 and p24 antigen (chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay Abbott) and NAT (Biomanguinhos, introduced in January/2013); HTLV-I/II, with antibody anti-HTLV-I-II (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Abbott); syphilis, with non-treponemal antibody (VDRL, Abbott) until August/2014 and treponemal antibody from September/2014 (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Abbott), and; Chagas disease, with Trypanosomal cruzi antibody (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Abbott), according to the kit manufacturer instructions.
In this study, the donors with a reagent result for any of the tests in the first sample, were considered serologically inapt.

Pessoni L.L., Aquino É.C, & Alcântara K.C. (2019). Prevalence and trends in transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Brazil from 2010 to 2016. Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy, 41(4), 310-315.

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Clinical and Metabolic Profiling of Viral Hepatitis

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Virological, epidemiological, biochemical and ultrasound data were recorded upon admission to the centers. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the time of liver biopsy. When possible, the apparent disease duration was determined by considering exposure to major risk factors, as infection onset. Diabetes mellitus was identified according to the American Diabetes Association criteria, namely fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL, on two separate occasions, or a positive oral glucose tolerance test, on two separate occasions (13 (link)). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), ALT and ferritin were measured after a 12-hour fast. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (14 (link)). Markers of HBV infection were tested by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second University of Naples and patients gave their informed consent.

Federico A., Masarone M., Romano M., Dallio M., Rosato V, & Persico M. (2015). Rapid Virological Response Represents the Highest Prediction Factor of Response to Antiviral Treatment in HCV-Related Chronic Hepatitis: a Multicenter Retrospective Study. Hepatitis Monthly, 15(6), e18640.

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Postprandial Hormonal Responses to High-Protein Meal

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Subjects will be instructed to consume the test meal within 15 minutes. Calorie intake and nutrient distribution of the meal (Boost High Protein) will be as follows: calories, 240; protein, 15 g; carbohydrates, 33 g; fat, 6 g; sodium, 200 mg; potassium, 400 mg, fiber 0 g. Patients will be able to choose between vanilla and chocolate flavors., An intravenous catheter will be inserted at 7:00 a.m. on the day of the experiment and blood will be drawn at before the meal, and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after the meal to measure hormonal signals of satiety. Blood samples will be collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes with added aprotinin (500 kallekrein inhibitory units per mL of blood) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (10 μl/mL of blood; Millipore Research), and stored at –70° Celsius. Plasma concentrations of PYY, CCK, GLP-1, ghrelin, and insulin will be determined by radioimmune assay, and glucose concentration will be determined using the glucose oxidase method with an Analox glucose analyzer (Analox Instruments, Lunenburg, MA). Serum acetaminophen levels will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Abbot Laboratories, Chicago, IL).

Moizé V., Pi-Sunyer X., Vidal J., Miner P., Boirie Y, & Laferrère B. (2016). Effect on Nitrogen Balance, Thermogenesis, Body Composition, Satiety, and Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acid Levels up to One Year after Surgery: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Dietary Protein During Surgical Weight Loss. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(4), e220.

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Serological and Molecular HCV Diagnosis

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Anti-HCV antibodies were identified by a third-generation commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, United States). HCV RNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with a lower limit of detection of 12 IU/mL (RealTime HCV; Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines IL, United States)[18 (link)]. HCV genotypes were determined using a commercial kit (Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II; Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL, United States).

Lu M.Y., Yeh M.L., Huang C.I., Wang S.C., Tsai Y.S., Tsai P.C., Ko Y.M., Lin C.C., Chen K.Y., Wei Y.J., Hsu P.Y., Hsu C.T., Jang T.Y., Liu T.W., Liang P.C., Hsieh M.Y., Lin Z.Y., Chen S.C., Huang C.F., Huang J.F., Dai C.Y., Chuang W.L, & Yu M.L. (2022). Dynamics of cytokines predicts risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among chronic hepatitis C patients after viral eradication. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 28(1), 140-153.

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Long-term Follow-up of Entecavir Therapy

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Liver biochemistry, HBV serological markers, serum HBV DNA, and HBsAg titers were measured before (baseline) and after 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, and 7 years of ETV therapy.
After overnight (12 h) fasting, venous blood was drawn to determine the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Serology markers for HBV, antibody to HBsAg; hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg); and antibody to HBeAg were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA).
Serum HBsAg titers were measured using the Elecsys HBsAgII quant assay (Roche Diagnostics, Branchburg, NJ, USA) with a detection limit of 0.05–52,000 IU/ml. Serum HBV DNA levels were determined using the COBAS^® TaqMan assay (Roche Diagnostics) with a detection limit of 20 IU/ml.
The HBV genotype was determined by direct sequencing of the preS/S gene. HBV DNA was amplified as previously described.[17 (link)] Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced in both directions using the Big-Dye Terminator version 3.1 Cycle Sequencing kit on the ABI 3730 sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). HBV genotypes were determined by comparing the generated preS/S gene sequences with prototype sequences from the GenBank using a web-based genotyping tool (National Center for Biotechnology Information).

Zhang X.X., Li M.R., Xi H.L., Cao Y., Zhang R.W., Zhang Y, & Xu X.Y. (2016). Dynamic Characteristics of Serum Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chinese Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving 7 Years of Entecavir Therapy. Chinese Medical Journal, 129(8), 929-935.

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Cirrhosis Patients' CA-125 Levels

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All patients had CA-125 serum level analyzed at our center once the diagnosis of cirrhosis was confirmed and they had been included in the study if they met the inclusion criteria. Patients with history of intraabdominal malignancies were excluded, except for those with hepatocellular cancer as a complication of cirrhosis. The reference range of CA-125 was 0–35 units/mL and any result greater than the upper limit of normal was considered abnormal. Lab analysis was performed at our center using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed by Abbott Diagnostics (IL, USA).
Data on demographics, etiology of cirrhosis, MELD score, CTP classification at the time of analysis, ALBI score, degree of ascites (classified as absent, mild (perihepatic ascites) or moderate (diffuse ascites)) based on ultrasound or computerized tomography findings performed at our center, serum CA-125 measurement, history of esophageal varices and hepatocellular cancer were collected. Other lab parameters, including but not limited to serum sodium, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, total bilirubin, albumin, international normalized ratio, complete liver function tests, thyroid profile, lipid profile, hemoglobin A1C, iron profile, ferritin, hepatitis C genotype and viral load, were collected and stored in a password-protected Microsoft Excel file for final analysis.

Edula R.G., Muthukuru S., Moroianu S., Wang Y., Lingiah V., Fung P, & Pyrsopoulos N.T. (2018). CA-125 Significance in Cirrhosis and Correlation with Disease Severity and Portal Hypertension: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 6(3), 241-246.

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Quantification of Plasma BAFF and HBV Markers

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Plasma BAFF levels were determined by ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Qualitative hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) was measured by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL). Serum HBV DNA levels were quantified by Abbott Real Time HBV assay (Abbott Laboratories).

Khlaiphuengsin A., Chuaypen N., Sodsai P., Buranapraditkun S., Boonpiyathad T., Hirankarn N, & Tangkijvanich P. (2020). Decreased of BAFF-R expression and B cells maturation in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 26(20), 2645-2656.

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Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in Chagas Disease

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Other variables included socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender and household income), lifestyle (current smoking, physical activity and alcohol consumption). Monthly household income per capita was divided into tertiles (< USD 90.00 was the lowest tertile). Current smokers were those who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetimes and who were still smokers. Physical activity was estimated based on the metabolic equivalent task (MET) for 25 physical activities in previous 3 months, as described elsewhere [27] . Insufficient physical activity was defined by energy expenditure less than 450 MET, which corresponds to at least 150 minutes per week of moderately to vigorously physical activity [28] . Alcohol consumption was defined by consumption of 14 doses per week in previous 12 months.
Because Bambui is a former endemic area for the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, we considered infection status for secondary analysis (see below). T. cruzi infection was assessed by seropositivity in three different assays performed concurrently: a hemagglutination assay (Biolab Merieux, Brazil) and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Abbott, USA and Wiener, Argentina). Further details are described elsewhere [29] .

Lima-Costa M.F., Melo Mambrini J.V., Lima Torres K.C., Peixoto S.V., de Oliveira C., Tarazona-Santos E., Teixeira-Carvalho A, & Martins-Filho O.A. (2017). Predictive value of multiple cytokines and chemokines for mortality in an admixed population: 15-year follow-up of the Bambui-Epigen (Brazil) cohort study of aging. Experimental gerontology, 98.

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