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Standard analog shaker

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The Standard Analog Shaker is a laboratory equipment designed for mixing, agitating, and homogenizing a variety of samples. It features an analog control system for adjusting the speed and duration of the shaking motion.

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5 protocols using standard analog shaker

1

Bacterial Abundance Estimation by Flow Cytometry

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Bacterial abundance (cells per gram of dry sediment) was estimated using flow cytometry (24 (link), 32 (link)) according to methods described previously by Brandani et al. (18 (link)). Detachment of cells from sediments was achieved by mild shaking (standard analog shaker; VWR) (15 min at speed 5.5) and sonication (Sonifier 450; Branson) (1 min, 60% duty cycle, and output 5) in 10 mL of a paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde solution supplemented with sodium pyrophosphate (final concentration of 0.025 mM). The supernatant was diluted and stained with SYBR green (1× final concentration) (incubation for 15 min at 37°C) before analysis on a flow cytometer (NovoCyte; Acea Biosciences) equipped with a 488-nm laser. We analyzed three stained technical replicates and one unstained replicate for each sample, and the coefficient of variation among technical replicates averaged 4.93% ± 3.84%.
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2

Quantifying Bacterial Abundance and Chlorophyll-a in Sediments

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Bacterial abundance (cells per gram of dry sediment) was estimated using flow cytometry (Kohler et al., 2020a (link); Fodelianakis et al., 2021 (link)). Cell detachment was completed through mild shaking (Standard Analog Shaker, VWR, 15 min, 5.5 speed) and sonication (Sonifier 450, Branson, 1 min, 60% duty cycle, output 5) in 10 ml of paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde solution supplemented with sodium pyrophosphate (final concentration of 0.025 mM). The supernatant was diluted and stained with SybrGreen® (1x final concentration, incubation for 15 min at 37°C) before analysis on a flow cytometer (NovoCyte, ACEA Biosciences) equipped with a 488 nm laser. For each sample, we analyzed three stained technical replicates and one unstained replicate. The coefficient of variation among technical replicates averaged 4.93 ± 3.84%.
Sediment chlorophyll-a concentration was measured following a modified ethanol extraction protocol (Kohler et al., 2020a (link)). Briefly, ca. 2 g of wet sediment was mixed with 5 ml of 90% EtOH, placed in a hot water bath (78°C, 10 min), and incubated in the dark (4°C) for 24 h. Samples were then vortexed, centrifuged, and the supernatant read on a plate reader at 436/680 nm (excitation/emission). Concentrations of chlorophyll-a were quantified using spinach chlorophyll-a as a standard and are reported as μg chlorophyll-a g–1 DM.
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3

Diverse Coating Materials Synthesis

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The SOEA coating material was prepared based on the following procedures: briefly, 100 g SOEA was mixed with 100 ml acetone in a 500 ml brown glass bottle wrapped with two layers of aluminum foil to protect the mixture from light. Then, 1.26 g Ciba Irgacure 819 was added. The mixture was shaken mildly with hands and a 150 rpm Standard Analog Shaker (VWR International, PA, USA) alternatively to reach a homogenous yellow solution that was subsequently put into a vacuumed container overnight to remove acetone.
In addition, the PLA coating material was prepared by dissolving PLA in chloroform at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg ml−1 until clear sticky residue observed. For the agarose coating material, agarose was dissolved in PBS in a concentration 50 mg ml−1, and the mixture was preheated to 70 °C before coating. Moreover, 6.71 g castor oil, 1.68 g polycaprolactone triol (number average molecular weight of 300), and 6.61 g poly(hexamethylene diisocyanate) were mixed homogeneously in a glass beaker at room temperature in order to get the smart coating material [27 ].
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4

Soybean Oil Epoxidized Acrylate Ink for Bioprinting

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Briefly, 100 g soybean oil epoxidized acrylate was mixed with 100 mL acetone in a 500 mL brown glass bottle wrapped with two layers of aluminum foil to protect the mixture from visible light. Then 1.26 g bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide was added. The mixture was shaken mildly with hands and a 150 rpm Standard Analog Shaker (VWR International, PA, USA) alternatively to reach a homogenous yellow solution that was subsequently put into a vacuumed container overnight to remove acetone. The resulting yellow, sticky liquid was utilized directly as ink for bioprinting.
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5

Photosensitive Smart Ink Synthesis

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100 g SOEA was mixed with 100 mL acetone in a 500 mL brown glass bottle wrapped with two layers of aluminum foil to protect the mixture from light. Then, 1.26 g bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide was added. The mixture was shaken mildly by hand and a 150 rpm Standard Analog Shaker (VWR International, PA, USA) alternatively to reach a homogenous yellow solution that was subsequently put into a container under vacuum overnight to remove the acetone. The final product was a sticky yellow liquid and used directly as smart ink for 4D printing.
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