Texture exponent v 6

All textural experiments were performed using a double axis texture analyser (Stable Microsystems, Surrey, UK) with a TTC Spreadability Rig (HDP/SR) probe consisting of a set of conical male (positive) and female (negative) acrylic 90° cones. All samples were placed into the sample holders and left to set at room temperature overnight. The positive cone was positioned 25 mm over the bottom of the lower cone and moved down 23 mm at 3 mm/s. Then, the probe returned to the initial position at 10 mm/s. Three samples from each formulation were evaluated at room temperature (23 °C). Firmness, adhesiveness and spreadability (maximum force (first maximum peak), negative work of shear (negative area) and positive work of shear (second positive area), respectively) were evaluated using the Texture Exponent v.6.1.1.0 software by Stable Microsystems (Surrey, UK). Each sample was assessed in triplicate. Pure extra virgin olive oil and commercial butter were used as control samples.

Analysis of variance, through Tukey’s mean comparison test (p < 0.05), was performed in Prism 9 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Rheology device control and the calculation of rheological parameters were performed under TRIOS Software, Version 4.1.1.33073 (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). The SAXSquant and SAXSquant2D software package (Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria) were used to control the SAXS device, the data acquisition, and the normalization of the SAXS profile masks after profile integration. X’Pert HighScore Plus software (PANanalytical, Almelo, The Netherlands) was used to gather XRD data, collected at 174 s, and to perform peak diffractions analysis. Hardness was calculated using the Texture Exponent v.6.1.1.0 software (Stable Microsystems, Godalming, UK).